1. Lecture no. 1
Introduction -1

2. Recommended Text books
1- Molecular Biology: Principles and Practice - 5th edition. By Michael M. Cox., Jennifer Doudna & Michael O'Donnell.
2- Biochemistry - 7th Edition. By Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, & Lubert Stryer

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4. Lecture Outline What is Molecular Biology? The RNA World hypothesis.
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What is Molecular Biology?
The RNA World hypothesis.
Biochemical Unity Underlies Biological Diversity
A timeline of discoveries.

5. Definition
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Broadly speaking, molecular biology is the study of essential cellular macromolecules, including DNA, RNA, and proteins, and the biological pathways between them.
Molecular biology associated with the structure, function, and regulation of information pathways at the molecular level.
All of the processes required to reliably pass genetic information from one generation to another and from DNA to RNA to protein are included in this area of study.

6. Importance
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Molecular biology may have a relatively short history, BUT its impact on the human experience is already considerable.
Medicine, modern agriculture, forensic science, and many other endeavors rely on technologies developed by molecular biologists.
Examples….
Our current understanding of information pathways has given rise to diagnostic tests for genetic diseases, forensic DNA analysis, crops with improved yields and resistance to disease, new cancer therapies, an unprecedented ability to track pandemics, new wastewater treatment methods, new approaches to the generation of energy, and much more.

7. Continue…
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This field overlaps with other areas of genetics and biochemistry.
There is not a defined line between these disciplines.
This figure represent one possible view of the relationship between these fields

8. Continue…
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Classical genetics showed that genes control the transmission of phenotype from one generation to the next.
Biochemistry showed that within one generation, proteins had a determining effect on phenotype.
Molecular biology is the hereditary information passed between generations in a form that is truly, digital.
Understanding how that digital code directs the creation of life is the goal of molecular biology.

9. Lecture no. 1

10. What is life?
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Characteristics of living systems: Each characteristic distinguishes living organisms from inanimate matter.

11. For it is existence, What is the requirements for every living system?
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For it is existence, What is the requirements for every living system?

12. Lecture no. 1
The final requirement, truly distinguishing a living organism from an inanimate object. These requirements are the domain of molecular biology.
The energy transactions that support homeostasis and enable the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next are initiated by powerful catalysts called enzymes.
Most enzymes are proteins, although a few catalytic RNA molecules play important roles in cells.

13. All Life depends on 3 critical molecules
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All Life depends on 3 critical molecules
DNAs
Contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of living organisms
RNAs
Provide templates to synthesize into protein
Protei ns
The workhorses within cells , participating in all processes

14. These 3 molecules can link together By Central Dogma
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These 3 molecules can link together By Central Dogma
Don’t panic you will take it in detail later

15. Life on Earth Probably Began with RNA
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