1. Confidence in Sport
A2 PE

2. Kevin Garnett
Coping with confidence

3. Self-Efficacy (Bandura)
Self-Efficacy Theory outlines the effect of confidence in behaviour
Self-Efficacy is a specific type of self-confidence and relates to a person’s perception of their standard of ability in particular activities and situations
Self Efficacy tends to be unstable and is therefore changeable

4. Task 1 List 6 different sports in which you have participated
Rank order them (1 as the highest) according to your personal level of self-efficacy
Give reasons why you have a higher slef-efficacy in the first two, compared to the last two.

5. Expectations of Efficacy
Choice of Activity – high levels will ensure the athlete participates
Amount of effort applied – high levels will ensure the athlete is highly motivated and applies themselves fully
Level of Persistence – high levels will ensure the athlete works hard and maintains their effort and commitment

6. Self Efficacy comes from 4 Sources

7. Past Experiences/Performance Accomplishments
Success increases self-efficacy
Failure reduces self-efficacy
Past success is the most powerful influence on self-efficacy
Once self-efficacy is established, performers are better able to tolerate future failure.

8. Vicarious Experiences
Watching others successfully perform (modeling)
By watching others be successful, an individual can approach their own efforts with more confidence

9. Verbal Persuation
A performer who receives encouragement about their abilities, especially from significant others, will be more confident about their actions

10. Emotional Arousal
The way performers interpret their arousal will affect their feeling of confidence
Somatic responses such as heart rate, breathing rate, sweating should be viewed positively as readiness to perform.
Research suggests positive perceptions of arousal leads to higher confidence

11. Examples
Muhammad Ali/Michael Jordan

12. Task 2
Use a sporting example to explain how self-efficacy can vary according to changes in the 4 sources in Bandura’s model.

13. Developing Self-Efficacy
Provide opportunities for players to experience success, particularly novices
Offer verbal encouragement and positive feedback
Use Goal Setting to help players experience success
Help players to make internal attributions for success
Get players to observe demonstrations by competent others of similar ability

14. Developing Self-Efficacy
Use imagery/mental rehearsal to visualise success
Use Positive Self-talk to think confidently
Help players interpret arousal levels in a positive way

15. Sports Confidence Theory (Vealey)

16. Sports Confidence Theory (Vealey)
Objective Sports Situation: the type of skill that is to be performed. This could include the situation in which the skill is to be performed
Competitive Orientation: the extent to which an individual is prepared to compete and whether an individual strives to achieve a performance or product goal

17. Sports Confidence Theory (Vealey)
Trait Sports Confidence (SC Trait)
Innate, stable, general belief on an individual about their ability to complete a sporting activity (Global)
State Sport Confidence (SC State)
Developed through learning, unstable and changeable.
Confidence of a specific situation or skill to be performed

18. SC State is determined by
Trait Sports Confidence
The Objective Sports Situation (type of skill and situation)
The Performer’s Competitive Orientation (the extent to which a performer is prepared to compete or whether the performer strives to achieve a certain goal)

19. Sports Confidence Theory (Vealey)

20. Subjective Outcome
The extent to which the athlete percieves the performance has been successful
A positive outcome will increase SC-Trait and SC-State
A negative outcome will decrease SC-Trait and SC-State

21. Effect of variation in levels of SC Trait and Competitiveness Orientation
Decrease in SC Trait
Increase in SC Trait
Depress SC State
Elevate SC State
Reduce Self-Efficacy
Increase Self-Efficacy
Make the performer feel more confident
Make the performer feel less confident
Cause avoidance behaviour
Facilitate approach behaviour

22. Strategies to improve SC State
Mastery of Skill
Styling – performing skills to significant others
Physical and Mental preparation
Social Reinforcement – praise and approval by significant others (team)
Effective Leadership
Environmental Comfort