1. The Language Of Medicine
10th edition
Davi-Ellen Chabner

2. Chapter 6 Additional Suffixes and Digestive System Terminology
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2

3. Chapter Goals
Define new suffixes and use them with digestive system combining forms. List and explain laboratory tests, clinical procedures, and abbreviations common to the digestive system. Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper context, such as medical reports and records.

4. Chapter 6 Lesson 6.1

5. Suffixes Suffix Meaning
-ectasis, -ectasia __________ -emesis __________ -pepsia __________ -phagia __________ -plasty __________ -ptysis __________
Which suffix(es) describe(s) a position?
Which suffix(es) describe(s) a motion?
Which suffix is used in a term that describes uncontrolled eating?
Which suffixes are surgical?
What is the difference between hematemesis and hemoptysis?

6. Suffixes Suffix Meaning
-ectasis, -ectasia dilation, widening -emesis vomiting -pepsia digestion -phagia eating, swallowing -plasty surgical repair -ptysis spitting
Which suffix(es) describe(s) a position?
Which suffix(es) describe(s) a motion?
Which suffix is used in a term that describes uncontrolled eating?
Which suffixes are surgical?
What is the difference between hematemesis and hemoptysis?

7. Suffixes (cont’d) Suffix Meaning -rrhage, -rrhagia __________
-rrhaphy __________
-rrhea __________
-spasm __________
-stasis __________
-stenosis __________
-tresia __________
Which suffixes also stand alone as a word?
Which suffix describes a motion?
Which suffix is used in a term that describes flow or discharge?

8. Suffixes (cont’d) Suffix Meaning
-rrhage, -rrhagia bursting forth (of blood)
-rrhaphy suture
-rrhea flow, discharge
-spasm involuntary contraction of muscles
-stasis stopping; controlling
-stenosis narrowing, tightening
-tresia opening
Which suffixes also stand alone as a word?
Which suffix describes a motion?
Which suffix is used in a term that describes flow or discharge?

9. Suffixes (cont’d) Suffixes that are also used alone as separate terms:
Emesis (emetic)
Spasm
Stasis
Stenosis
Use two of these terms in a sentence.

10. Dysphasia Dysphagia Dysplasia Polyphagia QUICK QUIZ:
1. Which term means difficulty in swallowing?
Dysphasia
Dysphagia
Dysplasia
Polyphagia
The correct answer is B: dysphagia. (Answer A, dysphasia, means difficulty speaking; answer C, dysplasia, means abnormal formation or development; answer D, polyphagia, means excessive appetite.)

11. Hemostasis Hematoma Hemoptysis Cholestasis QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)
2. Which term means to control or stop bleeding?
Hemostasis
Hematoma
Hemoptysis
Cholestasis
The correct answer is A: hemostasis.

12. Combining Forms and Terminology
Combining Form Meaning
bucc/o __________ cec/o __________ celi/o __________ cheil/o __________ chol/e __________ cholangi/o __________ cholecyst/o __________ choledoch/o __________
“Col/o” is commonly combined with another form. What is it? (Colorectal)
What is a cholecystectomy?

13. Combining Forms and Terminology
Combining Form Meaning
bucc/o cheek cec/o cecum celi/o abdomen cheil/o lip chol/e gall, bile cholangi/o bile duct (vessel) cholecyst/o gallbladder choledoch/o common bile duct
“Col/o” is commonly combined with another form. What is it? (Colorectal)
What is a cholecystectomy?

14. Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning
col/o __________ colon/o __________ dent/i __________ duoden/o __________ enter/o __________ esophag/o __________ gastr/o __________ gingiv/o __________
Using the previous suffixes, combine forms to build terms.
Which terms refer to parts of the small intestine?

15. Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning
col/o colon colon/o colon dent/i tooth duoden/o duodenum enter/o intestines esophag/o esophagus gastr/o stomach gingiv/o gums
Using the previous suffixes, combine forms to build terms.
Which terms refer to parts of the small intestine?

16. Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning
gloss/o __________ gluc/o __________ glyc/o __________ hepat/o __________ herni/o __________ ile/o __________ jejun/o __________ labi/o __________
Which of these terms pertains to the liver?
Which pertains to the tongue?
Which terms refer to parts of the small intestine?

17. Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning
gloss/o tongue gluc/o sugar glyc/o sugar hepat/o liver herni/o hernia ile/o ileum jejun/o jejunum labi/o lip
Which of these terms pertains to the liver?
Which pertains to the tongue?
Which terms refer to parts of the small intestine?

18. Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning
lingu/o __________ lip/o __________ lith/o __________ odont/o __________ or/o __________ palat/o __________ pancreat/o __________
Using the previous suffixes, combine forms to build terms.
Which combining forms are not anatomical for a specific body part? (lip/o, lith/o)

19. Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning
lingu/o tongue lip/o fat lith/o stone odont/o tooth or/o mouth palat/o palate pancreat/o pancreas
Using the previous suffixes, combine forms to build terms.
Which combining forms are not anatomical for a specific body part? (lip/o, lith/o)

20. Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning
proct/o __________ pylor/o __________ rect/o __________ sialaden/o __________ splen/o __________ steat/o __________ stomat/o __________
What is sialadenitis?
What is steatorrhea?
What is stomatitis? (Many students believe this is for stomach.)

21. Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning
proct/o anus and rectum pylor/o pyloric sphincter rect/o rectum sialaden/o salivary gland splen/o spleen steat/o fat stomat/o mouth
What is sialadenitis?
What is steatorrhea?
What is stomatitis? (Many students believe this is for stomach.)

22. Acromegaly Cardiomegaly Hepatomegaly Hepatitis QUICK QUIZ:
3. Which term means enlarged liver?
Acromegaly
Cardiomegaly
Hepatomegaly
Hepatitis
The correct answer is C: hepatomegaly.

23. Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures
Liver function tests (LFTs): tests for enzymes and bilirubin in blood
Stool culture: test for microorganisms in stool
Stool guaiac test or Hemoccult test: test to detect blood in feces
What is a screening test for colon cancer?
How does it work?
Describe the enzymes LFTs measure.

24. Stool guaiac Hemoccult Stool culture LFTs QUICK QUIZ:
4. Which of the following tests for the clear fluid that remains after blood has clotted (serum)?
Stool guaiac
Hemoccult
Stool culture
LFTs
The correct answer is D: LFTs—liver function tests. LFTs test for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in serum.

25. Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures
X-rays
Lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema)
Upper gastrointestinal series
Cholangiography
Computed tomography (CT scan)
Which test uses a contrast medium?
In a cholangiography, how does the contrast material enter the body?

26. Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures (cont’d)
Ultrasound examination
Abdominal ultrasonography
Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)
Magnetic resonance techniques
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Nuclear medicine test
Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan (HIDA scan)
Which test is used to examine the gallbladder?
Which test creates a scan of the liver?

27. Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures (cont’d)
Other procedures
Gastric bypass or bariatric surgery: reduces stomach size
Gastrointestinal endoscopy: visual examination of the GI tract
Laparoscopy: visual examination of the abdomen
Liver biopsy: removal of liver tissue for microscopic examination
Nasogastric intubation: insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach
Paracentesis (abdominocentesis): puncture to remove fluid from abdomen
Which procedure is a visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract?
Which procedure removes fluid after surgery?
Which procedure is also called gastrojejunostomy? What is this an example of? (Anastomosis)
Which procedure is used to pump out stomach contents?

28. A. Laparoscopy B. Laparotomy C. Abdominectomy D. Abdominocentesis
QUICK QUIZ:
5. Which procedure is a surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen?
A. Laparoscopy
B. Laparotomy
C. Abdominectomy
D. Abdominocentesis
The correct answer is D: abdominocentesis. The suffix -centesis means to surgically puncture to remove fluid.

29. Abbreviations alk phos ALT, AST BE BM BRBPR CD CT EGD ERCP __________
Use three of these abbreviations in sentences.
Identify suffixes learned in this chapter.
What is the medical term for BRBPR? (Hematochezia)
Which is an imaging test?
What does tomography mean?
Which are laboratory tests?

30. Abbreviations alk phos ALT, AST BE BM BRBPR CD CT EGD ERCP
Alkaline phosphatase Alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase Barium enema Bowel movement Bright red blood per rectum Celiac disease Computed tomography Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Use three of these abbreviations in sentences.
Identify suffixes learned in this chapter.
What is the medical term for BRBPR? (Hematochezia)
Which is an imaging test?
What does tomography mean?
Which are laboratory tests?

31. Abbreviations (cont’d)
EUS FOBT G tube GB GERD GI HBV IBD LAC LFTs
__________
Which of these abbreviations are pathologies?
What is the purpose of liver function tests?

32. Abbreviations (cont’d)
EUS FOBT G tube GB GERD GI HBV IBD LAC LFTs
Endoscopic ultrasonography Fecal occult blood test Gastrostomy tube; also stomach tube, PEG tube Gallbladder Gastroesophageal reflux disease Gastrointestinal Hepatitis B virus Inflammatory bowel disease Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy Liver function tests
Which of these abbreviations are pathologies?
What is the purpose of liver function tests?

33. Abbreviations (cont’d)
__________
MRI NG tube NPO PEG tube PEJ tube PTHC PUD TPN T tube
What are the probable locations of PUD? (Stomach, duodenum)
What is the difference between the PEG tube and the PEJ tube?
What is the Latin term for “nothing by mouth”?
Which enzymes are tested to detect liver disease?
Which term describes intravenous nutrition? What is included in the formula?

34. Abbreviations (cont’d)
Magnetic resonance imaging Nasogastric tube Nothing by mouth Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography Peptic ulcer disease Total parenteral nutrition Tube placed in the bile duct for drainage into a small pouch on the outside of the body
MRI NG tube NPO PEG tube PEJ tube PTHC PUD TPN T tube
What are the probable locations of PUD? (Stomach, duodenum)
What is the difference between the PEG tube and the PEJ tube?
What is the Latin term for “nothing by mouth”?
Which enzymes are tested to detect liver disease?
Which term describes intravenous nutrition? What is included in the formula?

35. Review Suffixes
-ase _____________ -centesis _____________ -chezia _____________ -ectasia _____________ -ectasis _____________ -ectomy _____________ -emesis _____________ -emia _____________ -genesis _____________

36. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-ase enzyme
-centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid
-chezia defecation; elimination of wastes
-ectasia stretching; dilation; expansion
-ectasis stretching; dilation; expansion
-ectomy removal; excision; resection
-emesis vomiting
-emia blood condition
-genesis producing; forming

37. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-graphy _____________ -iasis _____________ -lysis _____________ -megaly _____________ -orexia _____________ -pathy _____________ -pepsia _____________ -phagia _____________

38. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-graphy process of recording -iasis abnormal condition -lysis breakdown; separation; destruction; loosening -megaly enlargement -orexia appetite -pathy disease; emotion -pepsia digestion -phagia eating; swallowing

39. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-prandial _____________ -plasty _____________ -ptosis _____________ -ptysis _____________ -rrhage _____________ -rrhagia _____________ -rrhaphy _____________ -rrhea _____________

40. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-prandial meal -plasty surgical repair -ptosis droop; sag; prolapse; fall -ptysis spitting -rrhage bursting forth (of blood) -rrhagia bursting forth (of blood) -rrhaphy suture -rrhea flow; discharge

41. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-scopy _____________ -spasm _____________ -stasis _____________ -stenosis _____________ -stomy _____________ -tomy _____________ -tresia _____________

42. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-scopy visual examination
-spasm sudden contraction of muscles
-stasis stop; control; place
-stenosis tightening; stricture
-stomy new opening (to form a mouth)
-tomy process of cutting
-tresia opening