1. Some Were
Neighbors:
Collaboration and Complicity
In the Holocaust

2. Victims, Perpetrators, Rescuers
Understanding the Holocaust
The Holocaust
Key Events
Victims, Perpetrators, Rescuers
Onlookers
“Bad” Rescuers
Neighbors
Colleagues
Collaborators
“Cogs” in the wheel

3. COLLABORATION: the act of working with another or others
“To mark the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum’s 20th anniversary, the Museum presents a special exhibition that explores the collaboration and complicity of individuals in Nazi Germany’s persecution and murder of Jews.”
COLLABORATION: the act of working with another or others
COMPLICITY: the state of being an accomplice; partnership or involvement in wrongdoing

4. INTRODUCTION TO COLLABORATION AND COMPLICITY

5. Admission forbidden to Jews

6. Admission forbidden to Jews
FÜRTH, GERMANY, 1935
German girl at swimming pool entrance. Knowing that Jewish neighbors were barred from entering, were people present at this pool complicit in discrimination? At what age should individuals be held responsible for discriminatory behavior?
Credit: Stadtarchiv Fürth, A 1870, Photographer Ferdinand Vitzethum

8. TOMASZÓW MAZOWIECKI, POLAND, SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 1939
German soldiers force one Jewish man to cut the beard of another in a humiliating violation of Jewish law. The ethnic identity of the civilian onlookers—German or Polish?—is unknown.
Credit: Instytut Pamieci Narodowej

9. Caution: the following image is graphic and may not be suitable for some audiences

11. Pro-German Lithuanian nationalist beating an individual in a massacre of more than 50 Jewish men while others watch. June 27, 1941, Kaunas, Lithuania at Lietukis Garage.
— Dokumentationsarchiv des Oesterreichischen Widerstandes

13. Member of the Lithuanian auxiliary police auctions off property of Jews who
were recently executed in the Rase Forest.
July-August 1941, Lithuania

14. Video #1

15. Video #2

16. Video #3