1. Crime

2. Vocabulary Prevent crime 预防犯罪 Reduce crime rates 降低犯罪率
Create jobs 创造就业
Reduce poverty 减轻贫困
Punish criminals 惩罚罪犯
Serve prison sentences 在监狱里服刑
Lose their freedom 失去自由
Deter crime/criminals 震慑犯罪/罪犯
Lead to prison overcrowding导致监狱里面人满为患

3. Vocabulary Lead to resentment导致怨恨的情绪 Be released from prison 被从监狱里释放出来
Reform criminals 改造罪犯
Provide them with job training 为他们提供就业培训
Increase their employability 增强他们的就业适应性
Help them re-enter society帮助他们重新走入社会
Become law-abiding citizens 变成守法的公民
Obey the law 守法
Violate the law 违法

4. 真题1
Some scientists believe that we can study the behavior of three-year-old children to see whether they will grow up to be criminals. To what extent do you think crime is a product of human nature? Is it possible to prevent children from growing up to be criminals?

5. Vocabulary Ill-behaved/ badly-behaved 行为表现不好的 Unruly 不听管教的
Poor anger management控制怒气的能力差
Anti-social behavior 反社会行为
Criminal tendency犯罪倾向
Biological risk factors for crime 导致犯罪的生理因 素
Be at risk of turning to crime 走上犯罪道路的可能
The interaction between genetic and environmental factors 基因与环境因素的相互影响

6. Ideas 一方面：儿童的基因构成（genetic makeup）对其今后的 行为确实有影响。 另一方面： 家庭教育（upbringing）
学校教育（schooling）
Influence from their peers and other members of their community
Exposure to the mass media
来自这些方面的影响对于孩子未来行为的影响同样重要。

7. Ideas Possible Solutions
Parents and teachers should teach children to distinguish between right and wrong.
The government should tighten the rules regulating violence, sexual images and offensive language in the media.
Goverments, schools and community should create a safe, caring and stimulating environment for children and help children to grow up to be law- abiding citizens.

8. 真题2
If a five-year-old child commits a crime of any kind, should his/her parents be held responsible for the crime? After what age should a child be fully responsible for his/her behaviour?
Minor 未成年人
Guardian 监护人

9. Ideas Parents should be responsible for the crime:
Most five-year-old children learn right and wrong from their parents. Young children’s actions reflect their upbringing.
This can make parents more involved in helping their children to understand the rules and laws that children should follow.
As for property crime, a five-year-old child does not have the money to compensate for the damage or loss that he or she has caused, parents should held responsible for this.

10. Ideas
When children have more autonomy, can make decisions independently and are mature enough to understand the outcomes of their choices, they should be accountable for their own actions.

11. 真题2
In many countries, prison is the common solution to the problem of crime. However, some people think that it would be more effective to provide with better education so that they would not become criminals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

12. Ideas Provide better education can:
1.Better education helps people to become more competitive in the job market and increase their job opportunities and thereby reduce poverty and narrow the gap between rich and poor
2.Good moral education develop moral values such as kindness, honesty, fairness, tolerance and respect for others and distinguish between right and wrong.

13. Ideas The necessity of prisons:
1.Criminals would be punished for the crimes that they have committed. Sending them to prison can prevent them committing further crimes outside prison for the duration of the prison term and cause many of them to feel remorseful(懊悔的；悔恨 的) for their acts and then reduce criminals’ reoffending rate.
2. The threat of imprisonment is a powerful deterrent(威慑) against future crime.

14. 真题3
According to a newspaper article, in Australia a boy who caused damage to his school was made to clean the streets as punishment. Do you think that young criminals should be punished in this way or be sent to prison?

15. Ideas Require young criminals to perform community service:
1.They are held accountable for the consequences of their actions.
2.This approach focuses on the rehabilitation rather than the punishment of young offenders. Performing community service can make contributions to their communities and help them to integrate back into their communities.
3.Successful completion of community service can give young offenders a sense of accomplishment from doing things that benefit their communities and promote self- confidence and self-esteem in them, which helps to reform them into responsible and productive members of society.

16. Ideas Be sent to prison:
Juvenile offenders who commit serious violent crimes such as sexual assault or robbery or repeat violent crimes should be sent to prison in order to prevent them from further violent offences.

17. 真题4
Euthanasia(安乐死) has been a controversial issue for many years. Some people are strongly against such a practice, while others think it should be legalised. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

18. Ideas Reasons for euthanasia:
1.It can stop the pain and suffering of terminally ill patients and allow them to die peacefully and with dignity.
2.Terminally ill patients should have the right to choose the time and manner of their own death.
3. There is a shortage of healthcare resources such as hospital beds, physicians and nurses which should be used to help patients who are more likely to be cured.

19. Ideas Reasons for against euthanasia:
People also have obligations to their family and friends. Some friends and family of the patients may not hope them choose euthanasia.
If euthanasia is legalised, doctors may become more likely to give up on patients with serious illnesses.

20. Ideas Your own opinion:
Euthanasia can be legalised, however, there should be laws to strictly regulate it.