1. 3-1: The Triumph of Industry
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3-1: The Triumph of Industry
Standard 11.2 Students analyze the relationship among the rise of Industrialization, large scale rural-to- urban migration, and massive immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe.
EQ: What factors led to the industrialization of America, and what impact did industrialization have on society?

2. Industrialization - Why it matters:
Industrialization rapidly transformed the U.S. into one of the most powerful nations in the world and dramatically altered how Americans lived.

3. Natural Resources US had plenty of: Lumber – Trees, renewable resource
Fossil Fuels
Coal & Oil– Ancient
plant matter compressed under layers of rock for millions of years, not renewable
Iron – 6th most commonly found element on Earth

4. Natural Resources
There were three things you could do in most coal mining areas: “you can coal mine, moonshine, or move it on down the line.”
Oil Piers in Santa Barbara County, most are gone now.

5. Invention and Innovation
Bessemer Steel, mass-produced
Raised temperatures of molten iron by shooting air through it, removing impurities
Hot, dangerous work
Huge demand for high quality Anthracite coal
Built skyscrapers and bridges

6. Flatiron Building, NY 1902

7. Brooklyn Bridge, 1870 – 1883
Estimates range from 20 to over 30 killed during construction. Hundreds injured from falls, the bends, and other accidents

8. Invention and Innovation
Light Bulb (Thomas Edison)
cheaper, safer lighting night work available now
Rival to Edison, Adolphe Chailet, produced a bulb in 1901 that has burned continuously
Don’t get named Adolph
Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell)
instant communication across the nation and the world
Morse Code - beeps

10. Impact of Industrialization
Rise in Standard of Living
Cities grow up & out
More efficient production
Improvements in transportation and communication
Mass consumerism

11. Fill in as much as you can in the chart below
The Industrialization of America
Causes
Effects
*Natural Resources *
Growth of Cities
Leave room in your notes to do this chart in class, but do not do as a part of HF.

12. Industrial Leaders Captains of Industry or Robber Barons?
some argue that the actions of the wealthy businessmen make them visionary heroes who made America great
others argue that they were greedy men who paid immigrants little to work dangerous jobs while amassing wealth and destroying the environment

13. Fancy

14. Hearst Castle

15. How the Other Half Lives – Jacob Riis, 1890
Swedish immigrant, Joseph Riis, spent his career taking photographs of the consequences of industrialized and urbanized America during the Gilded Age, In 1890 he published them in his book How the Other Half Lives. Upper and middle class Americans got to see what life was like for the urban poor.

16. How the Other Half Lives – Jacob Riis, 1890

17. 20 Richest American of All Time
1. John D. Rockefeller
1839–1937
oil
$900 million
$189.6 billion
2. Andrew Carnegie
1835–1919
Steel
$250 million
$100.5 billion
3. Cornelius Vanderbilt
1794–1877
shipping, railroads
$105 million
$95.9 billion
4. John Jacob Astor
1763–1848
real estate, fur trade
$20 million
$78 billion
5. William H. Gates III
1955–
Software
$61.7 billion
6. Stephen Girard
1750–1831
shipping, real estate
$7.5 million
$55.6 billion
7. A.T. Stewart
1803–1876
retail, real estate
$50 million
$46.9 billion
8. Frederick Weyerhaeuser
1834–1914
Lumber
$200 million
$43.2 billion
9. Jay Gould
1836–1892
Railroads
$72 million
$42.1 billion
10. Marshall Field
1834–1906
department stores
$140 million
$40.7 billion
11. Sam Walton
1918–1992
Retail
$28 billion
$37.4 billion
12. Henry Ford
1863–1947
automobiles
$1 billion
$36.1 billion
13. Warren Buffett
1930–
investing
$34.2 billion
14. Andrew W. Mellon
1855–1937
banking
$350 million
$32.3 billion
15. Richard B. Mellon
1858–1933
16. James G. Fair
1831–1894
mining
$45 million
$29.8 billion
17. William Weightman
1813–1904
chemicals
$80 million
$29.2 billion
18. Moses Taylor
1806–1882
$40 million
19. Russell Sage
1816–1906
finance
$100 million
$29.1 billion
20. John Blair
1802–1899
railroads
$60 million
$28.9 billion

18. STOP
GOOD JOB!

19. The Rise of Big Business
EQ: What impact did the rise of Big Businesses have on American Industrialization and way of life?

20. John D. Rockefeller, 1839 - 1937 founded Standard Oil in 1870
he became the first billionaire and is arguably the richest man in modern history
his estimated wealth would be $318 billion today
he gave $550 million in charity to universities and medical groups

21. Standard Oil, 1870
the company controlled most of the world’s oil supply
it owned railroads, refineries, and gas stations
In 1911, the US Supreme Court ordered it to split up into 34 separate companies
Horizontal Consolidation
Rockefeller forced rivals out of business by keeping his prices too low for them to compete and then bought them out

22. Standard Oil

23. Andrew Carnegie, 1835 – 1919 Scottish immigrant to the US in 1848
he made $1.20 for a 72-hour work week at age 13
he made his fortune in steel and then spent the last 20 years of his life giving his fortune away
he did NOT believe in giving money to people instead he built museums and schools

24. Andrew Carnegie
Skibo Castle

25. Carnegie Steel Vertical Integration
Carnegie sold his company to JP Morgan for $350 million
Morgan turned US Steel into the first billion-dollar corporation in America
Vertical Integration
Carnegie owned every step of the steel-making process from mining to smelting to shipping
In this slide we see Andrew Carnegie (center, with the while beard) surrounded by a group of business leaders. (2.2E)

26. Trusts/Monopolies/Cartels
companies that controlled an entire industry
often a company owned a whole series of other companies
this stopped competition which hurt prices and quality of the goods

27. We “collude” to set prices and stop additional competition.
Trusts
Ms. Wynn owns a shoe business – she wants to charge a set, high price and stop competition.
Mrs. Greeley owns a shoe business – he wants to charge a set, high price and stop competition.
Mr. Hutch owns a shoe business – he wants to charge a set, high price and stop competition
H.G.W.
&
Company

28. Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 1890
government’s first attempt to regulate bad monopolies
monopolies that tried to artificially keep prices high
it was not well enforced and couldn’t do too much to big business

30. Criticism and Defense of Big Business
Social Darwinism
the rich are rich because they work hard and are smart and talented
the poor are lazy and stupid
Social Gospel
rich people should NOT give money directly to the poor instead they should carefully manage their charity for the greatest good…libraries, schools, hospitals
Laissez-faire
the government should not regulate business because it makes businesses less efficient

31. Social Darwinism Social Gospel Religious Movement
The purpose of wealth is not to hoard it
Share it with less fortunate people
Don’t give money directly to poor
Create libraries, schools, etc. for the greater good
Survival of the fittest
It’s your money, you keep it
The rich are rich because they work hard, are smart and talented
The poor are lazy and stupid
Relate to human relations
Stems from industrialization
Struggle between those with and those without
Believe gov’t has a role to play
Caused social stresses
Still exist

32. Moral Issues Discussion
If a Walmart employee gets trampled on Black Friday, is Walmart responsible? Why/why not?
Should companies be responsible for the pollution they create?
If a car maker knowingly makes a bad car, should the government punish him? Why/why not?
Health Insurance is tied to employment in the US. Meaning, you have to have a good, full-time job to get health benefits. This means that a McDonald's worker most likely doesn't have insurance. If he gets cancer, he doesn't have coverage and will probably die. Is this okay? Why/why not?
Is it OK for the US to invade other countries in the name of spreading Democracy? Why/why not?
Improved health care has increased the life expectancy of Americans. More specifically, poor Americans. This is proven through the fact that wealthy peoples' life expectancy has increased by 2 years in the last 100 years, while poor peoples' life expectancy has increased by 30 years. What do you think about this? Why?
Do you think the government should set a minimum wage? Why/why not? How about maximum hours-per-week? Minimum age to work? Why/why not?
If a business repeatedly heats coffee to over the safe limit so it stays hot longer, and is warned that it is hot enough to burn off skin, but doesn’t do anything about it, are they responsible when it does burn off a woman’s skin?
If a child becomes obese because his family fed him fast food every day, whose fault is it? Why?

33. Workers Organize
EQ: What factors led to the industrialization of America, and what impact did industrialization have on society?

34. Workers Endure Hardships
Women and Children
Long days
Low pay
Dangerous working conditions
No health benefits, vacation or security

36. Labor Unions and the Impact of Industrialization
unions allow workers to negotiate with their bosses as a group
this is called collective bargaining
shorter work hours, safer working conditions, workman’s compensation
unions collect dues to raise money for their causes
the National Labor Union was the first large nation-wide labor union, it collapsed during the depression of 1873

37. Labor Unions and the Impact of Industrialism
Skilled Worker
workers that possess some expertise, training, or education that make them hard or impossible to replace
masons, carpenters, blacksmiths, and bakers
Unskilled Worker
workers that possess no specific training and are therefore easily replaced
miner, factory assembly

38. Labor Unions and the Impact of Industrialism
Knights of Labor, 1869
secretive union that allowed any worker (skilled or unskilled) to join
except liquor dealers, gamblers, and lawyers
membership rose to over 700,000
pushed for an end to child labor, progressive income tax, and equal pay for women

40. The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire – 1911

41. Labor Unions and the Impact of Industrialism
American Federation of Labor, 1886
led by Samuel Gompers, this union was made of a whole bunch of skilled unions
the AFL is the largest union organization in the US today
more successful in negotiations because it’s members were harder to replace
anti-immigrant, especially anti-Chinese

42. Strike Terminology (don’t write)
work-to-rule
workers perform their tasks exactly as they are required to but no better
sickout
the strikers call in sick
sit-down strike
workers may occupy the workplace, but refuse either to do their jobs or to leave
general strike
Strike that involve all workers, or a number of large and important groups of workers, in a particular community or region
sympathy strike
one group of workers refuses to cross a picket line established by another as a means of supporting the striking workers.

43. Strikers at a textile mill in Lawrence, Massachusetts, being held back by federal troops. (2.2H)

44. Haymarket Square Riot, 1886
a rally for union workers in Chicago turned into a riot when a bomb went off
Killed 7 seven police and many civilians
8 anarchists were arrested for murder
anti-immigrant, anti-labor prejudice hurt unions

45. Pullman Strike, 1893
Amid a depression, the Pullman Palace Car Company cut pay by 28%
the American Railway Union called for a boycott
125,000+ workers went on strike in Chicago
they toppled trains to shut down the nation’s railroads
12,000 troops broke up the strike because they interfered with the US Mail

46. Pullman Strike, 1893

47. Fill in the chart below Labor Unions Organize Workers Suffer
A labor movement grows
Strikes break out

48. Fill in the chart below Knights of Labor Sweatshops Long Hours
Labor Unions
Organize
Workers Suffer
AFL
Dangerous work
A labor movement grows
Strikes break out
Pullman Strike
Haymarket Riot

49. Snickers – reg. Flamin’ Hot Cheetos Nutrition Facts
Serving Size 21 pieces (1oz)
Amount Per Serving
Calories from Fat 100
Calories 160
% Daily Values*
Total Fat 11g
17%
Saturated Fat 1.5g 8%
Polyunsaturated Fat 0g
Monounsaturated Fat 0g
Trans Fat 0g
Cholesterol 0mg 0%
Sodium 250mg
10%
Potassium 0mg
Total Carbohydrate 13g 4%
Dietary Fiber 0g
Sugars 0g
Other Carbohydrate 0g
Protein 1g
Nutrition Facts
Serving Size 1 bar (47g)
Amount Per Serving
Calories from Fat 200
Calories 440
% Daily Values*
Total Fat 22g
34%
Saturated Fat 8g
40%
Trans Fat 0g
Cholesterol 10mg 3%
Sodium 230mg
10%
Total Carbohydrate 56g
19%
Dietary Fiber 2g 8%
Sugars 46g
Protein 8g

50. The Industrial Revolution and Labor Primary Source Analysis
Prompt: How did the Industrial Revolution change the way workers did their jobs? Be to use clear examples from the sources and explain the differences seen in the images between white and black American laborers. You need least 3 ways work changed based off these images.

51. The Industrial Revolution and Labor Primary Source Analysis
2 Greens, 3 yellow, 6 reds (2 per yellow)
The industrial revolution changed the way Americans worked by…. First, American workers began to be divided between… . An example of this is seen in sources… . These images show … . Another important change in that American laborers faced were... These changes are seen in documents…

52. 1 paragraph, min 6 sentences
Marvelous Monday, Sept 22
Take your seat
Take out your video notes from Friday
Quietly begin Warm-Up
Warm-Up
What problems did New York city face in the late 1800s and early 1900s? How were some of these solved? Use your video notes to help you answer the question
1 paragraph, min 6 sentences

53. Today’s Agenda Warm-Up / Class Discussion
FN: “The Rise of Big Business”
Homework:
Study Guide questions 1-4
Work on any incomplete assignments in your notebook

54. Terrific Tuesday, Sept. 23, 2014 Take your seat Take out your Warm-Ups
Quietly begin Warm-Up
Warm-Up
Without moving your chairs, work with your learning groups to do the following
In your table group, look through the different tiles.
Search for patterns and identify ways in which the terms are related.
Organize your terms in the patterns you see.

55. Warm-Up Con’t
When you are done, you should have created 2 “companies”. One of these demonstrate Horizontal Consolidation, one demonstrates Vertical Integration.
Hints:
Two companies follow a Horizontal Pattern →
Two companies follow a Vertical Pattern. ↓
In your own words describe vertical integration/consolidation and horizontal integration / consolidation.

56. Today’s Agenda Warm-Up / Class Discussion
FN: “The Rise of Big Business”
Homework:
Study Guide questions 7-10 & 13
Work on any incomplete assignments in your notebook