1. The Layers of the Earth! Mrs. Zaffarese

2. Earth Layers The Earth is divided into four main layers. *Inner Core
*Outer Core
*Mantle
*Crust

3. The Crust
* The Earth’s crust is like the skin of an apple. It is very thin compared to the other three layers.
*The crust makes up 1% of the Earth.
* The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates.

4. The Mantle The mantle is the layer below the crust.
The mantle is the largest layer of the Earth.
The mantle is divided into two regions: the upper and lower sections.

5. Outer Core * The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals.
* The outer core is liquid.
* The outer core is made up of iron and is very dense.

6. Inner Core
* The inner core of the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move.
* The inner core is a solid.

7. Lithosphere
Lithosphere: is the solid shell of a rocky planet called Earth. That means the crust and upper part of the mantle which is joined to crust.

8. Crustal Plates Movement
Plates of Earth crust that floats on the molten rock in the center of the Earth. These plates move on convection currents caused by heat rising from the center of the Earth.

9. Folding and Faulting
Deformation of rock involves change in the shape and/ or volume of these substance. Change in shape and volume occur when stress and stain cause rock to buckle and fracture or crumble into folds.
Faults from in rocks when stress overcome the internal strength of the rock resulting in a fracture. It is a displacement of once connected blocks of rock along a fault line.

10. Folding and Faulting
The force of colliding continents pushed the layers of rock over each other. These folding and faulting processes occurred many times throughout history and formed the mountains we see today.

11. Faulting and Folding

12. Deposition
Earth surface process includes weather, sediment; production by weather and biochemical or chemical precipitation by weathering; erosion, transport, and deposition of sediment under the influence of gravity, flow water, air, and ice; earthquakes and Earth surface motion; volcanic eruptions and movement of volcanic ejection.

13. Disposition
The Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in the United States in the state of Arizona. It is largely contained within the Grand Canyon National Park, one of the first national parks in the United States.

14. Volcano
A volcano is an opening or rupture in a planets surface or crust, which allows hot magma, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface by plates pulled apart or by mantle plumes( hot spots) far from plates boundaries.

16. Locate a Volcano

17. Earthquakes
Is a result of sudden release energy in Earths crust that create seismic waves. Its Earths natural means of releasing stress.
When Earths plates move against each other, stress is great enough, the lithosphere break and shift.

18. Results of an Earthquake!

19. Earthquakes mostly occur in places where there is a Fault Line
Earthquakes mostly occur in places where there is a Fault Line. Plates under the Earth's surface move and push against each other. Some of these places are:
South America
North America
Australia
Africa
Philippines
India
Caribbean
Haiti

20. The Earth Bowl First, everyone will divide up into groups!
The groups need to pick two people to be the materials specialists. Those people will need to get:
A plastic baggie which contains graham crackers and sugar.
A container of raspberry Jell-O
A container of black cherry Jell-O
A container of lemon Jell-O
A spoon
A bowl
DO NOT TOUCH ANY OF THE MATERIALS AFTER YOU HAVE RECEIVED THEM. WAIT UNTIL I EXPLAIN WHAT TO DO.

21. The Steps to Making the Layers!
1) First you will need the plastic baggie containing graham crackers and sugar. Break the graham crackers up with the sugar in the bag.
DO NOT POUND TOO HARD! YOU DON’T WANT THE BAG TO BREAK!
2) After the graham crackers are broken up into crumbs, I will bring you butter to mix in the baggie.
3) Now, take the graham crackers out and press the mixture on the sides of the bowl to form the crust.

22. 4) Now take the black cherry Jell-O and spoon it into the bowl that you have put the crust in. Form it so there is a pocket in the middle left open.
5) Take the lemon Jell-O and put it in the bowl where you left the pocket, but make sure you leave a hole in the middle for your raspberry Jell-O.
6) Finally, put your raspberry Jell-O in the center.

23. You have now made the Layers of the Earth. The Crust (graham crackers)
You have now made the Layers of the Earth. *The Crust (graham crackers) *The Mantle (black cherry) * The Outer Core (lemon) * The Inner Core (raspberry)

24. Review 1) What are the four layers of the Earth?
2) The Earth’s crust is very ______?
3) The mantle is the largest layer of the Earth? True or False
4) Is the Outer Core a liquid or a solid?

25. Answers! 1) Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core 2) Thin 3) True
4) Liquid