1. Structures of Eukaryotic Cells
-Mitochondria
-Chloroplast
-Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Golgi bodies
-Lysosomes
-Vacuoles
Quick Review

2. Mitochondria: 1. -cell’s powerhouse
2. -the place were the cell converts food into ATP energy.
3. -found in all eukaryotic cells~plant-like and animal like.

3. 4. -site of cellular respiration
E = ATP
-12 to 1000 mitochondria per cell
-plant cells have less than animal cells.
Why?
-less active
-require less energy
-Which cells in our body would have the most
mitochondria?
-muscle cells ~ very active

4. Mitochondria are made up of 2 membranes:
-outer membrane
-inner membranes
-inner membrane of mitochondria are known as cristae.

5. Cristae increase the surface area so more energy can be produced without taking up too much room.
Analogy:
Population 5,000 in
1/4 square mile.
Population 5,000 in
10 square mile.
verses

6. Chloroplast: -site of photosynthesis -Found only in plant-like cells
Sun + 6CO2 + 6H2OC6H12O6 + 6O2

8. CHLOROPLAST:
-Trap energy of the sun and convert it into sugars which can be stored by the plant or broken down in the mitochondria into ATP energy.
Plant store sugar in their fruits, stems, and roots.

9. Thylakoids: platelike structures which collect the sun’s energy.
Like a mitochondria’s cristae, the thylakoids of a chloroplast increase the surface area so more sun light can be collected. Similar to…………………….
Solar panals

10. ROY G BIV Absorbs: -all spectrums of light but green is reflected.

11. Ribosome Review Nickname: Job: Made up of: Cell’s workbench
Make proteins in their linear form by assembling amino acids together in their correct order by using DNA’s code
Made up of:
RNA rolled into a ball and held together with protein clips

12. Two types: Attached ribosomes: Unattached/free floating ribosomes:
Found in eukaryotic cells attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Unattached/free floating ribosomes:
Found in prokaryotic cells, just floating around in the cytoplasm

13. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
Nickname: Known as the cell’s subway system
Job: Transports AA’s and proteins around the cell

14. The E.R is a made up of a series of interconnected, hollow channels.
Two types of E.R:
1. Smooth E.R.
-has no ribosomes
attached.
-responsible for making
phospholipids for new
membranes
2. Rough E.R.
-has ribosomes attached
-aids in protein synthesis (transports and stores our extra AA’s )

15. 1.Proteins, made by the ribosomes, travel through the hollow channels of the rough ER into the smooth ER.
2.The end of the smooth ER pinches off around the protein forming a “transporting vesicle”

16. 3. Transporting vesicle transports the newly formed protein to the golgi body.

17. Golgi Complex, Apparatus or Bodies
-a stack of flattened membranes clustered in one area.
Made up of a collection
of transporting vesicles.

18. Known as the Fed-Ex man
Job: Collects, stores, modifies
and packages materials
it receives from the
transporting vesicles/ER
and then deliver them to where
they need to go.
-Where a protein gets it 3D shape

19. Example: Insulin production in a pancreas cell

20. Lysosomes: Nickname: Clean Up Crew or Suicide Sack
Job: Organelles which contain digestive enzymes made by the ribosomes and processed in the golgi.
Three Jobs:
1. Fuse to an old or damaged cell organelle, injects its enzymes into it and digest the old organelle .

21. 2. In unicellular organisms, like protost, lysosomes fuse to food and digest the food for the organism.
Lysosomes in an older or damaged
cells breaks open and releases enzymes into the
Cytoplasm ~ digesting the cell from the inside out.
Example: lifespan:
RBC’s
WBC’s Sperm
120 days
8 days
5 days

22. Lysosomes

23. Vacuoles: Storage area for cell
Stores excess water, food or waste.

24. Plant-like cells have 1 or 2 large central vacuole which stores excess water or sugars
Animals-like cells have many small vacuoles which store excess water and waste.

25. Plastids: A type of vacuole in plants that store pigments
Chloroplast:
Stores chlorophyll
Leucoplast:
Stores starch
Chromoplast:
Stores color pigments

26. Flagella: Long whip like tail Cilia: short hairlike

27. Centrioles: used by animal cells for cell division

28. Plant and Animal Cell Comparison
Plant cells have: Animal cells have:
cell wall and membrane only a cell membrane
chloroplast no chloroplast
1 or 2 large vacuole many small vacuoles
No centrioles 1 pair of centrioles
Has plastids No plastids
Rectangular in shape Roundish in shape
Small # of mitochondria Large # of mitochondria