1. Understand how moving ice acts as an agent of erosion and deposition.
There are two types of glaciation.
Alpine Glaciation
Continental Glaciation

2. Distinguish between the terms alpine glaciation and continental glaciation.

3. Alpine Glaciation
Alpine glaciers form high in mountain valleys; above the snow-line

4. C E D B A
Alpine Glaciation

6. Continental Glaciation
Continental glaciers cover parts of continental land masses; ex Greenland

8. Similarities Differences
Distinguish between the terms alpine glaciation and continental glaciation.
Similarities
Both move and cause erosion
Both change the landscape
Both developed in constantly cold < 0 0C
Differences
Location
Alpine = mountain
Continental = earth poles
Size
Alpine = smaller
Continental = larger

9. Define the terms outwash plain, terminal moraine, erratics, drumlins & eskers.
These features are associated with continental glaciation.

10. Outwash plain Similar to a river delta
Melt water flowing from the glacier deposits silt
Deposited in layers
Small particles carried further away
Larger particles drop closer to the glacier
Outwash plain

11. Outwash Plain

12. Continental…Outwash plain

13. Continental…Outwash plain

14. Continental…Outwash plain

15. Terminal moraine
Heap or ridge of bulldozed gravel that marks the end of the forward motion of a glacier
As glacier retreats it deposits debris/gravel
P. 34

16. Continental…Terminal Moraine
Outwash Plain

17. Continental…Terminal Moraine

18. Erratics
Large boulders that were transported long distances and dropped
They now sit in a region and look very much out-of-place.

19. Erratic

20. Erratic

22. Continental…Erratic
Terminal Moraine
Outwash Plain
Erratic

23. Drumlins Egg or tear drop shaped hill Formed under glaciers
Sloped or Pointy end points in direction of ice flow

24. Drumlins Formation Ice melts under glacier Deposits of gravel made
Glacier moves forward
Deposits are bull-dozed along and catches up in rough areas forming piles or drumlins.

25. Drumlin
What direction did the glacier move?

26. Continental…Drumlin
Drumlins
Terminal Moraine
Outwash Plain
Erratic

27. Esker Long deposits of eroded glacial material
Formed by sub-glacial streams that deposit material like all rivers.
Highways of the North!!

28. Esker

29. Esker

30. Continental…Esker Drumlins Terminal Moraine Esker Outwash Plain
Erratic

31. Examine evidence for the direction of movement of glaciers.
Sloped, pointed, narrow end of drumlin
Location of terminal moraine
What is direction of glacier movement in this picture?

32. Define the terms cirque, arête, hanging valley, horn,
Define the terms cirque, arête, hanging valley, horn, lateral, medial and terminal moraine.
These features are associated with alpine glaciers

33. Alpine glaciers
Alpine glaciers are like very slow moving rivers of ice flowing down high mountain valleys.

34. Cirque a circular hollow cut into bedrock during glaciation
Side and back walls are steep but front wall opens downward

35. Cirque - How formed? Alpine glacier freezes onto mountain valley
As it proceeds it plucks rock from the mountain top leaving the cirque shape.

36. C E D
Cirque B

37. Cirque

38. Arête
Steep, jagged, narrow, knife-edged ridge between two cirques or glacier valleys.

39. Arete C E D
Cirque B A

40. Arête

41. Truncated Spur
Blunt-ended ridge of rock jutting from the side of a glacial trough, or valley

42. Arete C E D
Cirque B
Truncated spurs A

43. Horn or Pyramidal Peak
is a mountaintop (peak) that has been modified by the action of ice during glaciation.

44. Arete C
Horn E D
Cirque B
Truncated spurs A

45. Horn

46. Hanging Valley
A high level tributary valley from which the ground falls sharply to the level of the lower, main valley.
The depth of the lower valley is due to more severe glaciation.
Most noticeable once glacier has melted!

47. Hanging Valley

48. Hanging Valley

49. Hanging Valley in Newfoundland
Hanging Valley in Gros Morne National park
Trout River pond

51. Lateral Moraine
Moraine means 'rock waste'.It is also known as glacial till
Lateral Moraine is the land-form deposited at the side of a glacier
Debris/waste rock drops off the side of the mountain as the glacier moves forming a ridge of debris at the outer-sides of the glacier.

52. Lateral Moraine
Lateral Moraines

53. Kaskawulsh Glacier St. Elias Mtns - Arctic

54. Terminal Moraine deposits that mark the farthest extent of the glacier
Good indicator of the direction or movement of the glacier as well.

55. Alpine Glaciation
Terminal Moraine

56. Medial Moraine
This is a ridge of rock waste found along the middle of the floor of a u - shaped valley.
It occurs when two glaciers meet, two lateral moraines unite to form a medial moraine.

57. Medial Moraine
Medial Moraine

62. Medial Moraine
Medial Moraine

63. Alpine Glaciation

64. Kaskawulsh Glacier St. Elias Mtns - Arctic

65. Describe how fiords are formed.
Alpine Glaciers erode troughs & valleys in the mountain
Glacier valley reaches the coast.
3. Glacier melts and sea water floods the valley

66. Fiord
A glacially eroded or modified U-shaped valley that extends below sea level and connects to the ocean… filled with seawater.

67. Gross Morne - Fiord

68. Fiord in Norway
Norway is well known for its abundant fiords

70. D B C A

76. Continental Glacier