1. John Barlow Advanced Communication Services GrangeNet
Where is IPv6 Going ?
John Barlow
Advanced Communication Services
GrangeNet
Talk short blurb:
Think of rolling out IPv4 to the whole of China ... IPv6 exists primarily to expand the pool of available IP address space, to make such tasks realistic. Think of your home air-conditioning unit being on the Internet, so you can remotely change the home environment - can you currently give it an IPv4 address? Would you trust IPv4 communication for this?
Imagine the increase in network usage if every home user could serve information using a routable IP address. Home based web servers, IP telephony, video conferencing, peer-to-peer applications, network games - all free from the impact of NAT. What happens when wearable computers appear, and the consumer wants the functionality of go-anywhere network connectivity to themselves ?
In the process of designing an updated IP protocol with more address space opportunity was taken to add some new functionality and remove old cruft. This impacts our current security models - an IPv6 device authenticates itself at the IP layer, and can encrypt IP traffic.
IPv6 offers some interesting options, and we will cover some of these options and some of the goals of an IPv6 Internet.
Biographical notes:
John Barlow is in charge of IPv6, multicast, QoS and MPLS for the "GrangeNet" network. GrangeNet is a government funded research and education network providing multiple Gbps of connectivity between Brisbane, Sydney, Canberra and Melbourne. The network is in its initial stages with just a few universities connected and some limited international connectivity.
Prior to working for GrangeNet, John worked for AARNet (the Australian and Academic Research Network), providing network connectivity to the University sector and CSIRO, and supporting the voice over IP service over AARNet; and has contracted to CSIRO looking after their corporate network; contracted to a number of Government departments to administer firewalls; and spent quite a bit of time working at the Australian National University at a system administrator.
GrangeNet:
GrangeNet is a consortium formed from AARNet, APAC, Cisco Systems, DSTC and PowerTel. It is the recipient of a $14.3 million grant from Docita under the ANP BITS program. It has built a research network linking Brisbane, Sydney, Canberra and Melbourne with multiple 2.5Gbps lambdas over a DWDM system. See
This talk:
Was written for the "Designing the Future: Internet Protocols and Standards in Australia,“ conference held by ISOC and Maddocks, December 3rd 2002.
The focus of the conference is on new Internet protocols, the standards setting process in Australia, planning for new implementations, and the potential effects on users, both technically and personally.
This session will be minutes total, so please allow for minutes on your topic and time for a few questions.

2. Why IPv6 Exists Address space
In 1992 the Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF) started on the next generation of the Internet Protocol (IPng). There were doom and gloom predictions that we would run out of IPv4 address space in just a few years – way before the panic over Y2K. Of course, Network Address Translation (NAT) was invented and pushed out the doom and gloom dates to much later – now thought to be between 2005 and 2018.

3. Anticipated problems with the extra devices to connect to the Internet
Improvements over IPv4
Security (authentication, encryption)
Autoconfiguration
Etc.
Anticipated problems with the extra devices to connect to the Internet
Routing table size
NAT induced restrictions
Router overhead growing
While designing a new Internet Protocol, it is obviously a good time to clean out the old cruft and add in new features. Add encryption and authentication into the IPv6 protocol. Add autoconfiguration that is easier than DHCP, and expand it to potentially cover entire networks.
Also examine the current and expected problems with IPv4, and make some design goals to avoid them. The way address space is allocated can reduce the global routing table, and has side-effect requirements on the configuration and maintenance of network equipment. Providing adequate address space can remove the requirement for NAT, and hence boost peer-to-peer applications. If routers do not need to fragment packets then they will have less work to do.
These, and other design goals, have been built in to address some problems anticipated with the expansion of the old IPv4 Internet.

4. IPv6 Today Good support in most operating systems
Some commercial networks offer IPv6
Lots of trial networks
Some IPv6 exchange points
Academic backbone networks
My windows XP laptop requires I start up a command window and type in ipv6 install to enable IPv6 – but little else is required.

5. Where is IPv6 Going Why lots of addresses ? – why not NAT ?
Every device to get a routable address
Peer-to-peer applications
Gaming and entertainment
Home “servers”
LG Internet Fridge
air-conditioner
Playstation 2
Why isn’t NAT adequate ? Some things to think about:
Imagine being given the task to connect all of China – a large number of people rich enough to buy internet access today, and an expected growth curve as the standard of living rises across the country. You can’t realistically NAT an entire country. China has about 38 million IPv4 addresses, but the USA has about 3 billion. Allow for wastage, then think about the population of China … and that there are as many really rich people in China as there is total population in Australia.
Imagine the “near-future”. You have an LG internet refrigerator, some weirdo Internet microwave, and every Sony device in the place is IPv6 capable. You want these devices to be globally addressable so you can reach them from work or so the grocery store can connect to them.
Imagine the increase in network usage if every home user could serve information using a routable IP address. Home based web servers, IP telephony, video conferencing, peer-to-peer applications, network games - all free from the impact of NAT.

6. Encryption and Authentication
IPSEC built into headers of IPv6
Authentication as well
Flexible to handle other crypto schemes
Good opportunities for end-to-end authentication to make all connections more secure.

7. Mobile IPv6 PDAs Mobile phones Wearable devices
What happens when wearable computers appear, and the consumer wants the functionality of go-anywhere network connectivity to themselves ? Not just the ability to surf the web, but the ability to serve content, and to run all protocols.
IPv6 allows easy mobile phone services, and dovetails with the 3G phone system.

8. Migration tools Dual stack Tunnelling 6over4 tunnels Tunnel brokers
6to4 tunnels and 6to4 relay routers
It is easy to get all hosts running in dual-stack mode, where both IPv4 and IPv6 co-exist on the same host. Migration from IPv4 to IPv6 can then be phased in over a long time period.
6over4 tunnels allow isolated test sites to be formed, sending and receiving IPv6 packets tunnelled through an IPv4 only network.
Tunnel brokers allow everybody, including home users, to experiment with IPv6 and use globally routable IPv6 addresses.
6to4 tunnels allow even isolated hosts to easily connect to the IPv6 backbone from any IPv4 addressed network.

9. Summary Manufacturers are ramping up for more IP connected devices
Consumer expectations set for peer-to-peer connections
Asia setting deadlines for IPv6 rollout
Current devices being modified to connect to the Internet
New devices under development expect to connect to the Internet.
Consumers expect IP telephony, video-conferencing, and peer-to-peer applications.
Japan and Korea have stated that everything must be IPv6 ready by 2005.

10. Thankyou http://www.grangenet.net/
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John Barlow