1. Chapter 12: Reading and Writing

2. Ingrish

3. Ingrish

4. Engrish

5. Ingrish

6. Important term
Petroglyphs – stone carving

7. Important term
Pictograms – symbols representing object or concept

8. Important term
Ideogram – similar to pictogram though pictogram is more literal

9. Important term
Cuneifrom – wedge shaped (Summerians in Mesopotamia (Iraq) BC

10. Important term
Logographic – word writing

11. Important term Hieroglyphics - (sacred carvings)
Rosetta stone – hieroglyphics, Demotic, classical Greek

12. Important Term Syllabic writing – symbols representing syllable sounds
Japanese – also uses Kanji (Chinese characters)
Not efficient for English
English has too many inflections

13. Important terms
Alphabetic writing
Phoneme
Phonemic awareness

14. Korean and Chinese and Twi
Korean uses place of articulation in their alphabetic system
Chinese uses characters
Maintained due to heritage
Twi – spoken in Ghana, uses some IPA symbols

15. Literacy Drawback of literacy?
Biggest obstacles to literacy in our society?
Schools affect on literacy?

16. Spelling Printing press – codified spelling
Sound changes – page