1. Westward Expansion CHAPTERS 16 & 17
From Sea to Shining Sea

2. The Explorers (16.2) Lewis & Clark Expedition (1804 – 1806)
Ordered by President Jefferson after the purchase of LA
Reasons:
Build trade relationships with Natives
Find the NW Passage
Exploring LA Purchase to see what opportunities were out there
The Expedition:
45 member crew
Tough terrain
Followed the MO River (started in St. Louis, MO)
Friendly relations with Natives
Sacagawea from the Shoshone: served as guide, translator, public relations with Natives
Nez Perce: fed the crew and saved them from death
Reached the Pacific Ocean on
The Explorers Legacy
Returned to St. Louis Sept 1806 (2 years and 4 months after they began)
Take-Aways from the Expedition:
Did not find the NW Passage (duh, it didn’t exist)
Successfully mapped a route to the Pacific Ocean
Built positive relations with some Native tribes
Gained knowledge of the country west of the MS river

3. The Californios (16.3) California Missions The Legacy
Spanish missionaries travelled from Mexico to present day CA to convert Natives to Christianity
Set up missions along the way from present day San Diego to San Francisco
Settlers soon came
Californios = Spanish speaking Californian (Mexican decent)
1821 = CA is under MX rule
1833 = MX govt. shuts down missions
Half the land supposed to go to Natives
Instead, MX:
Gave most of the mission land to settlers and soldiers
Rancho = land grant by MX govt, used for raising cattle and crops
Produced many of their own supplies
Cattle ranching became an in-demand trade
Impact on Natives was harsh
Some treated poorly
Many died from disease brought by missionaries
The Legacy
CA is captured by US in 1846 (during war with Mexico)
Present day CA is full of Mexican traditions, names, food, people, influence of the time

4. The Mountain Men (16.4) The Trapper’s Life The Legacy
Encouraged by Lewis & Clark’s expedition, Mt. Men began travelling the MO river to dominate the resurrected fur trapping business
Spring & Fall = Set traps
Summer = Sold furs at trading posts
Dangerous profession but worth the pain
Thieves, Native attacks, bears, accidents
Trappers preferred this way to life as it allowed freedom and adventure
The Legacy
Created new routes west through the OR and CA trails

5. The Missionaries (16.5)
Missions travelled from St. Louis to OR Country to teach Christianity
Spalding’s worked with Nez Perce
Somewhat positive experience/relationships
Whitman’s worked with Cayuse
Bad experience/relationships
White disease spreads to tribe
In anger, Cayuse attack, killing the Whitman’s
Travelled along the Oregon Trail
Whitman’s also encouraged American’s to move west and settle
The Legacy
Few if any Natives converted
Missionaries are known for opening the west to settlement

6. The Pioneer Women (16.6)

7. The Mormons (16.7)

8. The Forty-Niners (16.8)

9. The Chinese (16.9)

10. The Mexicano’s (17.1 – 17.3)