1. “Equilibrium” Learning Targets
Reasoning
Describe how the market equilibrium price and quantity are determined.
Determine the effects on equilibrium price and quantity when demand and/or supply shift.
Skill
Draw shifts in supply and demand curves.

2. Equilibrium
1) In competitive markets, equilibrium has been reached when the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied.
Graph It
Relate these items back to “A Fish Market.” 1) Where demand and supply intersect on the graph is where equilibrium was for the market.

3. Equilibrium
1) In competitive markets, equilibrium has been reached when the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied.
Equilibrium
Graph It

4. Equilibrium
1) In competitive markets, equilibrium has been reached when the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied.
Graph It
2) Because all buyers get what they want without any leftover goods, equilibrium is called the “market-clearing price.”
Graph It
Relate these items back to “A Fish Market.” 2) Although not all products were sold, given enough time all buyers and all sellers would be satisfied.

5. Equilibrium
1) In competitive markets, equilibrium has been reached when the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied.
Market-Clearing Price ($40)
Graph It
2) Because all buyers get what they want without any leftover goods, equilibrium is called the “market-clearing price.”
Graph It
Exactly 30 crates are supplied and exactly 30 are purchased

6. Equilibrium
1) In competitive markets, equilibrium has been reached when the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied.
Graph It
2) Because all buyers get what they want without any leftover goods, equilibrium is called the “market-clearing price.”
Graph It
Relate these items back to “A Fish Market.” 3) Competition was exemplified by the numerous buyers and sellers competing with each other. Information was available in the form of the tally sheet and also from experience after playing the game a few minutes.
3) Markets move toward equilibrium due to competition and availability of information.

7. What If Prices Are Too High?
1) If prices are above equilibrium, there is more supply than demand.
Graph It
In the short run prices may be temporarily above equilibrium. Given time, however, prices will drop to equilibrium (in the long run). This happens because sellers must compete with each other to sell their goods. When sellers compete, prices get bid down.

8. What If Prices Are Too High?
1) If prices are above equilibrium, there is more supply than demand.
Supply is 40
Graph It
At $44
But demand is only 20
In the short run prices may be temporarily above equilibrium. Given time, however, prices will drop to equilibrium (in the long run). This happens because sellers must compete with each other to sell their goods. When sellers compete, prices get bid down.

9. What If Prices Are Too High?
1) If prices are above equilibrium, there is more supply than demand.
Graph It
At $44
2) When supply exceeds demand, there is a surplus.
Graph It
In the short run prices may be temporarily above equilibrium. Given time, however, prices will drop to equilibrium (in the long run). This happens because sellers must compete with each other to sell their goods. When sellers compete, prices get bid down.

10. What If Prices Are Too High?
1) If prices are above equilibrium, there is more supply than demand.
Surplus of 20
Graph It
At $44
2) When supply exceeds demand, there is a surplus.
Graph It
In the short run prices may be temporarily above equilibrium. Given time, however, prices will drop to equilibrium (in the long run). This happens because sellers must compete with each other to sell their goods. When sellers compete, prices get bid down.

11. What If Prices Are Too High?
1) If prices are above equilibrium, there is more supply than demand.
Surplus of 20
Graph It
At $44
2) When supply exceeds demand, there is a surplus.
Graph It
3) In order to get rid of surplus quantity, the seller must lower the price.
In the short run prices may be temporarily above equilibrium. Given time, however, prices will drop to equilibrium (in the long run). This happens because sellers must compete with each other to sell their goods. When sellers compete, prices get bid down.
Graph It

12. What If Prices Are Too High?
1) If prices are above equilibrium, there is more supply than demand.
Graph It
2) When supply exceeds demand, there is a surplus.
Graph It
Equilibrium
3) In order to get rid of surplus quantity, the seller must lower the price.
In the short run prices may be temporarily above equilibrium. Given time, however, prices will drop to equilibrium (in the long run). This happens because sellers must compete with each other to sell their goods. When sellers compete, prices get bid down.
Graph It

13. What If Prices Are Too Low?
1) If prices are below equilibrium, there is less supply than demand.
Graph It
In the short run prices may be temporarily below equilibrium. Given time, however, prices will increase to equilibrium (in the long run). This happens because buyers must compete with each other for scarce products. When buyers compete, prices get bid up.

14. What If Prices Are Too Low?
1) If prices are below equilibrium, there is less supply than demand.
Graph It
But supply is only 20
Demand is 40
At $36
In the short run prices may be temporarily below equilibrium. Given time, however, prices will increase to equilibrium (in the long run). This happens because buyers must compete with each other for scarce products. When buyers compete, prices get bid up.

15. What If Prices Are Too Low?
1) If prices are below equilibrium, there is less supply than demand.
Graph It
2) When supply is less than demand, there is a shortage.
At $36
Graph It
In the short run prices may be temporarily below equilibrium. Given time, however, prices will increase to equilibrium (in the long run). This happens because buyers must compete with each other for scarce products. When buyers compete, prices get bid up.

16. What If Prices Are Too Low?
1) If prices are below equilibrium, there is less supply than demand.
Graph It
2) When supply is less than demand, there is a shortage.
At $36
Graph It
Shortage of 20
In the short run prices may be temporarily below equilibrium. Given time, however, prices will increase to equilibrium (in the long run). This happens because buyers must compete with each other for scarce products. When buyers compete, prices get bid up.

17. What If Prices Are Too Low?
1) If prices are below equilibrium, there is less supply than demand.
Graph It
2) When supply is less than demand, there is a shortage.
At $36
Graph It
Shortage of 20
3) With so many buyers, sellers will realize they can make more money by increasing price.
In the short run prices may be temporarily below equilibrium. Given time, however, prices will increase to equilibrium (in the long run). This happens because buyers must compete with each other for scarce products. When buyers compete, prices get bid up.
Graph It

18. What If Prices Are Too Low?
1) If prices are below equilibrium, there is less supply than demand.
Equilibrium
Graph It
2) When supply is less than demand, there is a shortage.
Graph It
3) With so many buyers, sellers will realize they can make more money by increasing price.
In the short run prices may be temporarily below equilibrium. Given time, however, prices will increase to equilibrium (in the long run). This happens because buyers must compete with each other for scarce products. When buyers compete, prices get bid up.
Graph It

19. When Demand Changes
1) When demand increases, it will almost always be true that
a) Price increases
b) Quantity increases
Graph It
This is review from a previous lesson on the “Law of Demand.” Make sure students understand the relevance of shifting demand when talking about equilibrium: Whenever demand changes, equilibrium price and quantity will change. Allow students time to draw the graph on their note sheets.

20. When Demand Changes
1) When demand increases, it will almost always be true that
a) Price increases
b) Quantity increases
$44
Graph It D2 40
This is review from a previous lesson on the “Law of Demand.” Make sure students understand the relevance of shifting demand when talking about equilibrium: Whenever demand changes, equilibrium price and quantity will change. Allow students time to draw the graph on their note sheets.

21. When Demand Changes
1) When demand increases, it will almost always be true that
a) Price increases
b) Quantity increases
Graph It
2) When demand decreases, it will almost always be true that
a) Price decreases
b) Quantity decreases
This is review from a previous lesson on the “Law of Demand.” Make sure students understand the relevance of shifting demand when talking about equilibrium: Whenever demand changes, equilibrium price and quantity will change. Allow students time to draw the graph on their note sheets.
Graph It

22. When Demand Changes
1) When demand increases, it will almost always be true that
a) Price increases
b) Quantity increases D2
Graph It
$36
2) When demand decreases, it will almost always be true that
a) Price decreases
b) Quantity decreases 20
This is review from a previous lesson on the “Law of Demand.” Make sure students understand the relevance of shifting demand when talking about equilibrium: Whenever demand changes, equilibrium price and quantity will change. Allow students time to draw the graph on their note sheets.
Graph It

23. When Supply Changes
1) When supply increases, it will almost always be true that
a) Price decreases
b) Quantity increases
Graph It
This is review from a previous lesson on the “Law of Supply.” Make sure students understand the relevance of shifting supply when talking about equilibrium: Whenever supply changes, equilibrium price and quantity will change. Allow students time to draw the graph on their note sheets.

24. When Supply Changes
1) When supply increases, it will almost always be true that
a) Price decreases
b) Quantity increases
Graph It S2
$36 40
This is review from a previous lesson on the “Law of Supply.” Make sure students understand the relevance of shifting supply when talking about equilibrium: Whenever supply changes, equilibrium price and quantity will change. Allow students time to draw the graph on their note sheets.

25. When Supply Changes
1) When supply increases, it will almost always be true that
a) Price decreases
b) Quantity increases
Graph It
2) When supply decreases, it will almost always be true that
a) Price increases
b) Quantity decreases
This is review from a previous lesson on the “Law of Supply.” Make sure students understand the relevance of shifting supply when talking about equilibrium: Whenever supply changes, equilibrium price and quantity will change. Allow students time to draw the graph on their note sheets.
Graph It

26. When Supply Changes
1) When supply increases, it will almost always be true that
a) Price decreases
b) Quantity increases S2
$44
Graph It
2) When supply decreases, it will almost always be true that
a) Price increases
b) Quantity decreases 20
This is review from a previous lesson on the “Law of Supply.” Make sure students understand the relevance of shifting supply when talking about equilibrium: Whenever supply changes, equilibrium price and quantity will change. Allow students time to draw the graph on their note sheets.
Graph It

27. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
Why Is Price Unknown?
Point out on the graph how quantity has definitely increased, but price is unknown. The animation will illustrate why price is unknown. Allow students time to copy down the graph.

28. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
Why Is Price Unknown?

29. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
Why Is Price Unknown?

30. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
Why Is Price Unknown?

31. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
Why Is Price Unknown?

32. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
Why Is Price Unknown?

33. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
Why Is Price Unknown?

34. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
Why Is Price Unknown?
Point out on the graph how quantity has definitely decreased, but price is unknown. The animation will illustrate why price is unknown. Allow students time to copy down the graph.

35. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
Why Is Price Unknown?

36. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
Why Is Price Unknown?

37. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
Why Is Price Unknown?

38. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
Why Is Price Unknown?

39. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
Why Is Price Unknown?

40. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
Why Is Price Unknown?

41. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
3) Demand increases and supply decreases
a) Price increases
b) Quantity is unknown
Why Is Quantity Unknown?
Point out on the graph how price has definitely increased, but quantity is unknown. The animation will illustrate why quantity is unknown. Allow students time to copy down the graph.

42. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
3) Demand increases and supply decreases
a) Price increases
b) Quantity is unknown
Why Is Quantity Unknown?

43. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
3) Demand increases and supply decreases
a) Price increases
b) Quantity is unknown
Why Is Quantity Unknown?

44. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
3) Demand increases and supply decreases
a) Price increases
b) Quantity is unknown
Why Is Quantity Unknown?

45. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
3) Demand increases and supply decreases
a) Price increases
b) Quantity is unknown
Why Is Quantity Unknown?

46. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
3) Demand increases and supply decreases
a) Price increases
b) Quantity is unknown
Why Is Quantity Unknown?

47. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
3) Demand increases and supply decreases
a) Price increases
b) Quantity is unknown
Why Is Quantity Unknown?

48. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
3) Demand increases and supply decreases
a) Price increases
b) Quantity is unknown
Point out on the graph how price has definitely decreased, but quantity is unknown. The animation will illustrate why quantity is unknown. Allow students time to copy down the graph.
4) Demand decreases and supply increases
a) Price decreases
b) Quantity is unknown
Why Is Quantity Unknown?

49. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
3) Demand increases and supply decreases
a) Price increases
b) Quantity is unknown
4) Demand decreases and supply increases
a) Price decreases
b) Quantity is unknown
Why Is Quantity Unknown?

50. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
3) Demand increases and supply decreases
a) Price increases
b) Quantity is unknown
4) Demand decreases and supply increases
a) Price decreases
b) Quantity is unknown
Why Is Quantity Unknown?

51. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
3) Demand increases and supply decreases
a) Price increases
b) Quantity is unknown
4) Demand decreases and supply increases
a) Price decreases
b) Quantity is unknown
Why Is Quantity Unknown?

52. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
3) Demand increases and supply decreases
a) Price increases
b) Quantity is unknown
4) Demand decreases and supply increases
a) Price decreases
b) Quantity is unknown
Why Is Quantity Unknown?

53. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
3) Demand increases and supply decreases
a) Price increases
b) Quantity is unknown
4) Demand decreases and supply increases
a) Price decreases
b) Quantity is unknown
Why Is Quantity Unknown?

54. When Demand & Supply Change
1) Demand increases and supply increases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity increases
2) Demand decreases and supply decreases
a) Price is unknown
b) Quantity decreases
3) Demand increases and supply decreases
a) Price increases
b) Quantity is unknown
4) Demand decreases and supply increases
a) Price decreases
b) Quantity is unknown
Why Is Quantity Unknown?

55. Equilibrium In the News
DIRECTIONS
Several real newspaper headlines from cnn.com are listed below along with a small excerpt from the story. Each story illustrates a change in supply, a change in demand, or a change in both. For each question determine which market is being described, decide how supply and/or demand is affected, and draw the change on the graph. After you have drawn the graph, determine how price and quantity have been affected.
1) EXPERTS: $4 A GALLON GAS COMING SOON
2) BARNES & NOBLE’S NOOK FLOPS DURING HOLIDAYS
3) BEATING THE COMING WATER SHORTAGE
4) EPA STUDY SUPPORTS MORE NATURAL GAS
These are the directions for the Class Activity that is included in the download. You may differentiate instruction by using the three different versions, or you may decide to simply use just one version for the whole class.

56. “Equilibrium” Learning Targets
Reasoning
Describe how the market equilibrium price and quantity are determined.
Determine the effects on equilibrium price and quantity when demand and/or supply shift.
Skill
Draw shifts in supply and demand curves.

57. Resources