1. Mary, Queen of Scots & King Philip II
By: Kelsey Smith

2. Essential Question
Who is Mary Queen of Scots?

3. Mary Queen of Scots
Born December 8, 1542 in Linlithgow Palace, West Lothian, Scotland.
Daughter of King James V and Mary of Guise.
Father died when she was only 6 years old.
Days after her father’s death Mary was placed as queen.
Lived a Luxury live spent traveling.
Had a love for animals (Dogs).
Spent majority of her time learning.
Spoke French, Latin, Spanish and Ancient Greek.
Played the Lute.
Religious teacher was a monk, she developed a strong view on religion.
Mary died in 1587 at the age of 44.
Was buried in Peterborough Cathedral until her son became king and moved her to Westminster Abbey in 1612.

4. Mary’s Rule
Was one of the most controversial monarchs of the 16th century.
Claimed the crown of 4 nations, Scotland. France, England and Ireland.
In 1542 Scotland’s throne was Mary’s.
Uncle Henry VIII made a bid for control. Mary’s mother then acted as regent on Mary’s behalf.

5. Mary’s Rule Continued...
When Mary returned to Scotland she was an outsider in her own country. In 1561 John Knox’s influences changed Scotland’s official religion from Catholic to Protestant.
James Mary’s half brother helped Mary rule while creating an atmosphere of religious tolerance.
July 1567, Mary was imprisoned in Lochleven Castle where Scottish nobles forced her to abdicate the throne in favor of her infant son.
1568 Mary escaped and raised an army.
Mary then fled to England for Elizabeth's protection.

6. Mary and Elizabeth
Mary fled to Elizabeth for protection, where she was imprisoned for the next 19 years.
Mary become the focus of Catholic Plots to assassinate Elizabeth so Mary could take the English Throne.
Elizabeth feared Catholic Plotting on Mary’s behalf.
Mary’s correspondence with Anthony Babington was uncovered by Elizabeth.
In 1586 Mary was brought to trial were she was found guilty for treason.
Mary was executed in 1587.
When Elizabeth died in 1603, Mary's son became King of England as James I.

7. Mary’s Love/ Marriages
Mary was betrothed to Henry VIII’s son Prince Edward of England. The Scottish Catholics rejected the couple, for England separated from the Catholic Church.
When the matching become annulled England attacked Scotland in raids, was known as “The Rough Wooing”.
First marriage was to Francis prince of France.
Mary’s second and third marriages were unpopular.
Second marriage ended in a murderous scandal.
Third marriage ended in a forced abdication in favor of her infant son.

8. Mary and Francis
“By day, by night, I think of him In wood or mead, or where I be My heart keeps watch for one who’s gone and yet I feel he’s aye to me”
Mary was betrothed to 4 year old French Heir Francis. At 5 years old. Mary was sent to France to live at French Court.
The Scottish Catholics supported the match for, Mary’s mother was French and the Scots had a longstanding alliance with France.
In 1558 Francis and Mary were married.
In 1559 Francis was crowned and became Francis II and Mary became Queen of Consort.
Francis then died from an ear infection a year later, leaving Mary a widow at the age of 18.
After Francis’s death Mary returned home to Scotland.

9. Second Marriage
In 1565 Mary married her cousin Henry Stewart, earl of Darnley.
Henry Stewart was the grandson of Margaret Tudor, which caused problems for Mary.
The marriage turned her half brother James against her.
Henry Stewart and a group of Protestants nobles murdered David Rizzo who was Mary’s Italian secretary. The group stapped Rizzo 56 times as Mary who was pregnant at this time looked on.
Mary later gave birth to James VI and James the I of England.
Mary no longer wished to be Married to Henry Stewart.
In February 1567 Henry was killed following an explosion at Kirk O’ Field outside Edinburgh

10. Third Marriage
Mary married James Hepburn , earl of Bothwell who was the main supporter in her last husbands murder.
He abducted Mary and held her captive in Dunbar Castle.
3 months after the murder of Mary’s last husband Scotland nobility rose against Mary.
Bothwell was sent into exile, he was then arrested and held captive until he passed.

11. King Philip II Born in 1527 Died in 1598
Became King of spain in January 1556
When he governed Spain there was a decrease in in the economy.
Considered himself to be a traditional Spanish man.
Was well educated in books, music, history and politics. Was poorly educated in language.
Deeply religious
Richest man in Europe
Was married 4 times
Maria Manela of Portugal
Mary Tudor of England
Elizabeth of Valois
Anne of Austria
Philip had advisors but rules as an absolute ruler.
He was a firm believer in the divine right of kings.
God had appointed him as king and that God could not make a mistake neither could he.
He did not trust his advisors or his own instinct. He lacked the confidence he needed to rule, causing him to fail as ruler.

12. King Philip II & Mary Queen of Scots
Mary’s execution caused an outrage throughout Catholic Europe.
Philip II of Spain lead the invasion of the Spanish Armada in
Motivation was to avenge Mary’s death.
The military's goal was to get rid of Elizabeth I and return the throne of England back to the Catholic Church.
The Spanish Armada was a fail.
The launch of the Spanish Armada was believed to be partially influenced by Catherine of France who is Mary’s mother in-law ( Francis II’s mother). At the time of the launch Catherine’s daughter was married to Philip II.

13. Fun Facts
Centuries after her death Mary continues to be an object of culture fascination.
Inspired the 1971 Film “Mary, Queen of Scots”.
Reign the popular tv show is based off of events that occurred in Mary’s life.

14. Work Cited Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2016
By Day, by Night, I Think of Him. "Mary Queen of Scots -
History Learning Site." History Learning Site. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov
Colvin, By Sidney. "Mary, Queen of Scots: Biography, Facts &
Information."English History. N.p., 19 Mar Web. 31 Oct
"History of Golf." Mary Stuart Queen of Scots and Her
Association with the Early. N.p., n.d.
Web. 01 Nov
"Phillip II - the Man - History Learning Site." History Learning
Site. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov.
2016.

15. Picture Cited https://www.pinterest.com/Khalla52/mary-queen-of-scots/
queen-scots-earl-bothwell
Most-Unfortunate-of-Queens-Who-Could-Claim-Three- Kingdoms
ssancereformation/lorddarnley/index.asp
queen-of-scots-1971-dvd