1. Genetics
Mendel And His Peas

2. Genetics – the scientific study of heredity
Gregor Mendel – 1800s
His monastery garden pea plant experiments laid the foundations of the science of genetics.

3. Summary of the pea plant experiments:
1) Mendel developed pure-bred (true-breeding) plants by allowing plants to self-pollinate. (always produce identical offspring)

4. (a) stigma – traps pollen e) stamen = anther + filament
(b) anther – makes pollen (f) carpel (or pistil) =
stigma, and style
(c ) ovary – eggs and seeds g) sepal (bud leaf)
form here
(d) filament – lifts anther

5. 2) Mendel crossed-pollinated pure bred plants and then crossed their offspring. (anther cut off one plant to eliminate its pollen, and then dusted pollen from another plant.)
Modern Biology Textbook (Holt)

6. 3) After numerous
experiments,
Mendel analyzed
data and drew
conclusions
about
inheritance.

7. WHAT EXACTLY DID MENDEL DO?
First, Mendel crossed a pure-bred (true
breeding) TALL plant with a pure-bred SHORT plant.
Result: The offspring were all TALL.
about 6 feet tall
under two feet

8. Second, Mendel crossed two of the TALL offspring.
Result: ¾ of the offspring were TALL
¼ of the offspring were SHORT

9. (This same result happed for other characteristics such as seed shape,
seed color, position
of flowers etc.
--pg 264) Seven
pea plant traits
studied by Mendel
Modern Biology Textbook (Holt)

10. WHY DID THIS HAPPEN?
Mendel found that some genes for specific traits are dominant over other genes.
Contrasting genes for a particular trait are called alleles, so they are dominant alleles.
The genes that are not expressed because dominant alleles are present, are said to be recessive alleles.

17. What if Mendel crossed an F1offspring pure-bred tall
Try this:
What if Mendel crossed an F1offspring pure-bred tall
(heterozygous) with a (homozygous) plant. X
What would be the phenotypic & genotypic ratios?

20. Monohybrid & Dihybrid Crosses

22. “The principle of dominance” – some alleles are dominant and some are recessive. Dominant allele blocked the expression of recessives. (Mendel called alleles or genes “factors”)

23. “The principle of segregation” – alleles separate during the formation of gametes.
“The principle of independent assortment”- genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
(where one allele goes does not affect where the other goes.)

24. He was a mathematician and statistician – he was better
able to analyze his data.
He worked with large
numbers of plants etc..
He luckily chose plant traits to
observe, in which the alleles for
those traits were on separate
chromosomes, or at least not
close together.
Modern Biology Textbook (Holt)