1. Addressing Past Injustices

2. Atonement Case Study # 1 – Nazi Germany Nuremberg Trials (2:10)
De-Nazification (start at 00:15 – 2:27)

3. Berlin Holocaust Memorial
(1:00)
Berlin Holocaust Memorial
(2:00)

4. Sachsenhausen

5. Current Germany

7. Case Study 2 - Japan

8. 7 July 1937: The Japanese invasion of China

9. In 1937, the Japanese Imperial Army moved from their holdings in Manchuria and invaded further into China.
Their aim was to control the capital city of Nanking.
As the Chinese Army withdrew from the city, leaving civilians behind who were mostly women, children and the elderly, the Japanese military attacked fiercely in an attack now known as the ‘Rape of Nanking’.
The Rape of Nanking

10. The Rape of Nanking

11. Iris Chang..." I became terrified that the history of murdered Chinese might disappear just as they themselves had disappeared under Japanese occupation and that the world might actually one day believe the Japanese politicians who have insisted that the Rape of Nanking was a hoax and a fabrication - that the massacre never happened at all...I forced myself to delve into history and historiography - to examine the forces of history and the process by which history is made...
...One reason information has not been widely disseminated lies in postwar differences in how Germany and Japan handled their wartime crimes...the Germans have incorporated into their postwar identity the concession that the wartime government itself, not just individual Nazis, was guilty of war crimes. The Japanese government has never done the same for Japanese society....many in Japan continue to treat the war crimes as the isolated acts of individual soldiers or even as events that did not occur."

12. Historical revisionism and the lack of closure
(1:30)
(1:00)
(4:00)

13. Germany v. Japan
Why the difference in how these nations dealt with the war?
Cold War realities…
China – communist after 1949
Korean War – began in 1950
US feared the “domino effect” Japan needed as an ally
Japan’s neighbours still feel that a real apology never happened…
Beatrice Chu clip - ?

14. Case Study 3 - Canada
Our past injustices?

15. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxVZtQULIMQ (4:00)

16. http://chinatowndaily.com/english/multimedia/video/canada/headtax/harper.html (play 00-00:30)

17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCpn1erz1y8 (00:55 – 2:05)
First Nations