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Structural Holes for Forming Hierarchical Road Network

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Presentation on theme: "Structural Holes for Forming Hierarchical Road Network"— Presentation transcript:

1 Structural Holes for Forming Hierarchical Road Network
The 24th International Cartographic Conference Santiago, Chile ∙ November 15-21, 2009 Structural Holes for Forming Hierarchical Road Network Hong Zhang The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Zhilin Li

2 Outline Why study road network? Review of road network research
Representation and modeling Properties Road structure VS human behaviors Structural holes: concepts and methodology Application of structural holes to road networks From road network to ego network Theoretical analysis Experimental testing Conclusions

3 Road as blood vessel in city
(a): Hong Kong (b): Jeddah ( (c): “The Image of City” (Kevin Lynch, ****) City vs Human body Network & Flows vs Blood vessel & blood

4 Road impact our lives (a): Road and regional development
(c): Retail location (a): Road and regional development (b): road and urban design

5 Outline Why study road network? Review of road network research
Representation and modeling Properties Road structure VS human behaviors Structural holes: concepts and methodology Application of structural holes to road networks From road network to ego network Theoretical analysis Experimental testing Conclusions

6 Representation and Modelling(1)
Graph Object Primal graph Dual graph Characteristic points Axial line Stroke (70 degree) Named street Fig. 3: a sample street network of London

7 Representation and Modelling
Graph Object Primal graph Dual graph ICN Segment Alternative chain Fig. 3: a sample street network of London

8 Properties Fractal Small-world Scale-free Self-organized Hierarchical
Fig. 5: Hierarchies emerged from traffic flow distribution (Adapted from Jiang 2009)

9 Road structure and human behaviours
Spatial cognition Navigation Path selection Traffic flow Location Real estate develop Pollution Crime ……

10 Limitations of current study
(a) Observation window (Hillier and Iida 2005) (c) Navigation (Rosvall et al. 2005) (d) flow dimension and flow capacity (Jiang 2008) (b) Facilitating sensors

11 Objective Develop new techniques for Forming hierarchical road network

12 Outline Why study road network? Review of road network research
Representation and modeling Properties Road structure VS human behaviors Structural holes: concepts and methodology Application of structural holes to road networks From road network to ego network Theoretical analysis Experimental testing Conclusions

13 Social network Structural hole is a concept rooted in social science.
Social sciences focus on structure and conceptualize social structure as a network of social ties (Nooy, et al., 2005). examine the structure of the entire social group, or turn to the position of each individual in the local network. (a) Social network (c) Egocentric or personal network (a) Complete network

14 Structural hole and ego network
An ego network is defined as a road network consisting of a single actor (ego) together with the actors they are directly connected to (or alters) and all the links among them Structural hole is an approach developed by Burt (1995) to define the positional status of each node in its ego network The structural hole theory believes that in a social network, the individual’s advantage or power is based on his or her control over the spread of information, goods or services between his or her immediate neighbors, and the absence of a tie between either ego or alter and other alters would induce a structural hole

15 Three simple ego networks
(a) complete ego-network (b) ego-control network (c) ego-passive network

16 Link strength alter1 alter1 alter1 ego ego alter2 alter2 ego alter2 1
(a) complete ego-network (b) ego-control network (c) ego-passive network

17 Centrality Rank Proportional Strength Indirect Link Strength
(j∈ine), (j, q∈ine and q ≠j) Proportional Strength Indirect Link Strength Constraint Aggregate Constraint Centrality Rank alter1 alter2 ego (a) An ego network

18 Outline Why study road network? Review of road network research
Representation and modeling Properties Road structure VS human behaviors Structural holes: concepts and methodology Application of structural holes to road networks From road network to ego network Theoretical analysis Experimental testing Conclusions

19 From road network to ego network
Build stroke Produce connectivity graph Derive ego network a b c Natural movement Deflection angle β α a b c a b Connectivity graph build stroke Road a Road b

20 Theoretical illustration
(a) A regular road network (b) Its connectivity graph S2 S10 S35 S33 S78 (c) An irregular road network (d) Its connectivity graph Fig. 11: The sampled Road networks and their connectivity graphs

21 Experimental testing: data source
(a) A map of Sweden (b) Sydost road map (c) Its Connectivity graph Note: Figure (a) and (b) are by courtesy of Bin Jiang

22 Experimental testing: results
Top 1% Top 5% Top 20% The rest (a) Road hierarchies (b) Traffic flow distribution pattern

23 Conclusions Structural holes can be used for ranking street networks
There is a positive relationship between centrality rank and traffic flow Weighted link strength and k-step aggregate constraints

24 Acknowledgements This research is supported by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and RGC of HK (PolyU5221/07E) The data about Sydost highway network is provided by Bin Jiang The San Francisco sampled road network is obtained from TIGER data of U.S.Census Bureau (

25 Thank you！ Questions?

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