1. Chapter 3: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations
Period 1- Technological & Environmental Transformations 8000 BCE to c. 600 BCE Focus Questions
PowerPoint by Andrew Valerio, Logan Nelson, and Noah Alexander

2. Question 1:
A civilization is multiple times with their own religion, trading, and government
The Egyptians started by using simple tools and grew to make gigantic monuments with a language that lasted many generations
It was able to develop many cities including a capital, their own currency, the use of hierarchy through pharaohs, nobles and downward

3. Question 2: Early African societies developed along the Nile river
the Nile provided drinkable water, trade routes, and provided fertile soil for agriculture

4. Question 3: A state is a small section of a civilization
The first ruler of unified Egypt was Menes, who founded the capital Memphis
He extended the Egyptian state, making all segments of society support him

5. Question 4:
Egypt was able to conquer the costal regions of the Mediterranean as well as a good area of North Africa
It was an act to gain control over regions that might have posed threats in the future

6. Question 5:
Some roles that pastoral societies played was that they provided wood and other natural resources because of the lack of natural resources
Civilizations near the Nile only had the river as a main resource which they made up with trade from pastoral societies

7. Question 6:
Culture in ancient Egypt provided ways of communication which brought other people to Egypt for trade
The culture in ancient Egypt allowed for the creation of their own religions, laws and other ideas
They shared their ideas or they intertwined their cultures with other cultures from different empires or pastoral societies

8. Question 7: Early African societies created many temples and pyramids
The temples were used for worshiping gods and for the dedication of Pharaohs
The pyramids were used for the burial of pharaohs and their queens

9. Question 8:
The social class that encouraged the development of art was the artisans
They painted, sculpted and made other creations in efforts to please their gods and the pharaoh
They also made these creations because it was there job and they were paid for it

10. Question 9:
Early African writing were Hieroglyphs because of Mesopotamian influences
Hieroglyphs were a pictographic form of writing
Wrote on papyrus which flurished along the Nile river

11. Question 10: Egypt was a hub of knowledge while in its prime
Library of Alexandria had accounts and notations like “ The Book of the Dead” and “Book of Coming Forth by Day”
These collection of texts written on papyrus scrolls showed magic spells and rituals that would help the dead on their journey
The Duat was the Egyptians version of the underworld

12. Question 11:
Early religions that affected the future of Egypt were Hebrew, Vedic, and Zoroastrianism
Hebrew came from Israel and Pakistan and it was the first monotheistic religion
Vedic religion came from large bodies of text in ancient Egypt and in Hindu scripts
Zoroastrianism was a monotheistic religion of pre-Islam of ancient Persia

13. Question 12:
Egypt was special because the Nile sprouted natural trade routes
Through these routes they traded supplies, resources and even currency by raft to other cities or towns down the river
They would ride camels bearing carts, or in cases as royalty or nobility, slaves would carry them vast distances

14. Question 13:
Social distinctions and hierarchies were made earlier than most societies
Gender identities developed as elite women oversaw domestic work and servants, while lower class did the domestic work
Elite men worked as scribes or government officials, while lower class men worked as agricultural laborers
Both men and women could gain wealth and property, but men were governors of households and the larger society