Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
سشي
2
Strategies For Teaching English (1) teaching Vocabulary in the academic setting
3
Preliminaries
4
Strategy
5
In the present implementation, strategy means a special way or technique which you acquired during your experience in teaching English.
6
Vocabulary
7
The word vocabulary introduced to English from French ‘vocabulaire’ , French took it from Latin ‘vocabulum’ meaning word or name.
8
In grammar, learning vocabulary means learning verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs ( Eastwood, 1994: 3).
9
English is not a Language…
10
Developments of English
11
Tribes from West German called Angles and Saxon and Jutes from Denmark settled in British Islands and evolved a language which we call English, such era is known as Old English.
12
Angles tribe was bigger and stronger which encouraged them to impose a lot of things including the names of region and language.
13
Other languages participated in developing English e. g
Other languages participated in developing English e.g. Latin, Greek, French, Scandinavian etc. More than 75% of scientific terms are Latinate, while more than 50% of legal terms derived from French. Such development is known as the era of Middle English.
14
The third development involved hundreds of languages from a worldwide enriched English and still provide a huge terms by the assistance of the new automation and technology, more than half of the modern English vocabulary is Latinate . Nowadays, it is known as Modern English.
15
Therefore, English is not a single language in its own right but a huge collection of overlapping languages (Burton-Roberts, 2011).
16
Which languages participated more in developing English ?
17
Different languages participated in developing English, but German and Latin played the most important role in emergence and development of English. Therefore, English is regarded as the daughter of German and Latin.
18
Breaking down for Comprehending a Loan
19
Breaking down: It is commonly known that breaking down indicates destruction or collapse which means harmful effect e.g. breaking down a building, a piece of furniture, white blood cells, anti-body protection, etc.
20
But there is an exception in the case of breaking down a loan into logical constituents to explain what is the meaning of each unit, when collecting such elements they lead to comprehend what notion is hidden inside each term. (Abdullah, 2013: 228)
21
Comprehend: It comes from Latin to mean to take a hold of completely.
22
In the current context, comprehend means to understand deeply (in-depth understanding) i.e. to be conscious about something in which it will not be forgotten easily (long-term understanding).
23
Loan Loanword Loan word
24
A word taken into one language from another and sometimes, changed to fit the rules of the new language. (Longman Advanced American Dictionary, 2007: 939).
25
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2005) defines a Loan as a word from another language used in its original form.
26
In short, the present strategy helps you to break down the difficult words into logical units and comprehend what is hidden in each loan.
27
One of the best ways to increase your vocabulary is to learn word parts, thus can be done only by a breaking down strategy. ( Nation, 2001 )
28
Applications
29
England & English
30
England The word England comprises two parts: Eng-: -land:
31
England A region named after Angles called Angles’ Land, the two words modified and combined in one word which we now call England. Eng- : stands for Angles -land: stands for itself
32
English Engl- : stands for Angles
Also, the language which we call today English is named after Angles . Engl- : stands for Angles Suffix of adjective means their language / homeland. -ish :
33
Grammatical Terms
34
Combining the two parts together means; for name/ noun
Pronoun Pro- :For/ instead of / on / forward . -noun: name Combining the two parts together means; for name/ noun
35
Eight Pronouns: Personal Pronouns: e.g. we Object Pronouns: e.g. him
Possessive Pronouns: e.g. your Attributive Pronouns: e.g. mine Relative Pronouns: e.g. which, who Demonstrative Pronouns: e.g. this, that Indefinite Pronoun: e.g. something, somebody Reflexive Pronouns: e.g. yourself
36
Affixation: - fix: Suf-: after - fix: Pre-: Prefix before
attached / added / fastened Suffix Suf-: after - fix: attached / added / fastened
37
So, we can deduce that the two parts of the former term means a unit which is added at the beginning of a term while the latter means a unit which is attached at the end of a term.
38
General English Terms (henceforth GET) (Known as EGP)
39
Disease dis-: not -ease: comfortable, well, healthy, pleasant
40
Pregnancy Pre-: before -gnancy: born
Together means stage before birth.
41
Brunch br-: breakfast - unch: lunch
A meal eaten between breakfast and Lunch (9.00 AM-12.00) i.e. a combination of breakfast and lunch.
42
To have / hold something wrongly
Mistake Mis-: wrong - take: to hold / to have To have / hold something wrongly
43
Together means someone who lives or spend most of his time at home.
Husband hus-: house /home - band : to live at / in , to be at / in Together means someone who lives or spend most of his time at home.
44
General English words can be categorized into different groups:
45
Words with different beginning, but same ending as in:
46
Present Absent
47
Present Absent Pre-: before - sent: ab-: away from / after
to be ( v )/ action ( n ) ab-: away from / after - sent: to be/ action The former means before (to be) action and the latter means away from to be or after action
48
Subject Object Project Inject Reject
49
The last part -ject can indicate different meanings as : throw (v)/ person, thing, action (Ns).
The accurate meaning can be determined by the former part i.e. prefix.
50
Subject Object Sub-: with(prep.)/ send (v) / less, secondary (adj). Sub-:(prep.) + -ject (V) =throw with Sub-:(v) +-ject (n) = send action
51
Ob-:(prep.) + -ject (V) = throw against
Object Ob-: against(prep.),/ receive (v). Ob-:(prep.) + -ject (V) = throw against Ob-:(v) +-ject (n) = receive action
52
Subject can mean throw with or sending action and object means throw against or receiving action.
53
Project Pro-: forward, for, on It means throw forward i.e. to plan for something
54
Inject In-: inside Inject means to throw something inside as in the case of injecting medicine into the body.
55
Reject Re-: back To throw something back i.e. to refuse. The meaning can be seen clearly in the Arabic equivalent.
56
Weekdays
57
All the words of weekdays derived from Old English (Norse), each term involves two parts (name of god + day i.e each one named after a god).
58
Encephalomyeloneuropathy
Saturday: Saturn(6th planet)+ day (day of Saturn) Sunday: Sun + day (day of sun) Monday: Moon + day (day of moon) Tuesday: Tiw + day(day of Tiw = God of war).
59
Encephalomyeloneuropathy
Wednesday: Woden/Odin+ day (day of W/Odin = king of gods ) Thursday: Thunres + day (day of Thunres = God of sky) Friday: Frigg + day (day of Frigg = Female god of love)
60
Words of two parts with same beginning, but different ending as in:
61
Microbe Microscope - be: Micro-: very small living thing (n)/ live (v)
We can deduce that microbe is a very small living thing
62
Microscope -scope: Looking
Therefore, it can be concluded that Microscope is an instrument used for looking to the small living things.
63
Words with a missed part:
Man Woman W-: stands for wife O-: stands for of It can be deduced that woman means wife of man
64
Earth Ea-: أ -r-: ر -th: ض
Using L1 in teaching L2 based on Breaking down Strategy : Earth Ea-: أ -r-: ر -th: ض
65
Monitoring Comprehension
Antibiotic Adverb Leukaemia Electrocardiogram Adjective Promote Telescope Remote Telegram Telephone Pen Pencil
66
Semantics Suicide Father Syntax Patricide Matricide Mother Progressive
Malaria Matricide Mother Aneimia Progressive ( continuous ) Pesticide Ginger Insecticide Brother
67
Who are you?
68
Stages of Learning University Secondary school Basic education
69
Read Think Decide
70
You are a part of discovery, invention, and innovation.
71
Scientific Terminology (henceforth ST):
(Known as ESP)
72
Who is ESP Teacher?
73
Strevens (1988) states that an ESP teacher is one who is basically a teacher of general English (EGP), but has suddenly been asked to teach students with ESP needs.
74
ST is an acute problem for both teachers and students, because they deal with very long, unfamiliar and complicated terms.
75
Encephalomyeoneuropathy Dermatomucosomyositis Otorhinolaryngology
e.g. Encephalomyeoneuropathy Dermatomucosomyositis Otorhinolaryngology Laryngotracheobronchoscopy Laparohysterosalpingooophorectomy
76
Such above-mentioned terms are very difficult to be comprehended and sounded . Thence, Breaking down is a suitable strategy which can help in teaching/ learning such complicated terms.
77
What are the steps which can be followed in using Breaking down Strategy in teaching/learning scientific terminology?
78
NB: (1) word – parts in ST are prefix, root and suffix, most terms have more than one root and separated by a vowel (O) other vowels rarely are used.
79
(2) The parts of the words must be agreed with each other i. e
(2) The parts of the words must be agreed with each other i.e. Latin root goes only with Latin prefix or suffix, French / German part-words cannot be combined with Latin. (Abdullah, 2013: 228)
80
Encephalomyeloneuropathy
Let us to play with: Encephalomyeloneuropathy Encephal (o) - : - myel (o) - : - neur (o) - : - pathy :
81
Encephalomyeloneuropathy
brain - myel (o) - : spinal cord nerves - neur (o) - : - pathy : disease A disease involving the nerves of spinal cords and brain
82
Dermatomucosomyositis
83
Inflammation of the skin, mucous membrane and muscles
Dermatomucosomyositis Dermat(o) - : skin - mucos(o) - : Mucous membrane muscle - my(o) - : - itis: inflammation Inflammation of the skin, mucous membrane and muscles
84
Otorhinolaryngolog Otorhinolaryngology Ot(o) -: - rhin(o) - :
85
The study of ear, nose, and larynx problems.
Otorhinolaryngology Ot(o )- : ear - rhin(o )- : nose larynx - laryng(o )- : - logy: Science or study The study of ear, nose, and larynx problems.
86
( Try to do it in your own)
Otorhinolaryngology Laryngotracheobronchoscopy laryng(o )- : - trache(o)- : -bronch(o)-: -scopy: ( Try to do it in your own)
87
-salping(o)- : uterine tube
Otorhinolaryngology lapar(o )- : a part of belly closed to liver - hyster(o)-: pertaining to the uterus -salping(o)- : uterine tube -oophor- : ovary -ectomy : removing Removing of the uterus (along with) uterine tube and ovary via abdomen or belly beneath liver.
88
Derivation Hysteroaplingoooohorectomy
By derivation, it is meant that the process by which new words are formed through the mechanics of affixation to a root. As the other languages, English has its merits and demerits one which can be counted for it, a great number of words can be derived from one base ( root ) as in the following:
89
Cardi-
90
cardiopathy cardiovascular cardiomyopathy Cardiometer Carditis bradycardia tachycardia pericarditis endocarditis, etc.
91
Neuro- All the words of the nervous system are formed from the above root as in .
92
Neuritis polyneuropathy polyneuritis Neurotoxicology Neurocyte neurohistology Neuromuscular, etc.
93
The question arises:
94
Can you predict, how many words can be formed from neuro-?
95
Items related to nervous system formed by the base Neur(o)- :
96
Neur-, neuro- Neurad Neuromadynamia Neuragmia Neural Neuralgie Neuralgiform Neuramebimeter Neuranagenesis Neurangiosis Neurapophysis Neurapraxia Neurarchy Neurasthenia Neurastheniac Neurasthenic Neurataxia Neuratrophia Neuratrophic Neuraxial Neuraxis Neuraxitis Neuraxon Neure
97
Neurectasia Neurectomy Neurectopia Neurenergen Neurenteric Neurepithelium Neurergic Neurexeresis Neuriatry Neuricity Neuridine Neurilemma Neurilemmitis Neurilemmoma Neurility Neurimotility Neurimotor Neurinoma Neurinomatosis Neurit Neuritic Neuritis Neuroallergy Neuroanastomosis
98
Neuroanatomy Neuroarthropathy Neurobiology Neurobion Neurobiotaxis Neuroblast Neuroblastoma Neurocanal Neurocardiac Neurocele Neuroceptor Neurochemism Neurochemistry Neurochitin Neurochorioretinitis Neurochoroiditis Neurocirculatory Neurocladism Neuroclonic Neurocoele Neurocranial Neurocranium Neurocrinia Neurocutaneous
99
Neurocyte Neurocytology Neurocytoma Neurodegeneration Neurodendrite Neuroderm Neurodermatitis Neurodermatosis Neurodiagnosis Neurodokon Neurodynamic Neurodynia Neurodystonia Neuroelectrotherapeutics Neuroencephalomyel- Opathy Neuroendocrine system Neuroenteric Neuroepidermal Neuroepithelial Neuroepithelioma
100
Neuroepithelium Neuroeqilibrium Neurofibril,neurofi- brilla Neurofibrillae,neuro-fibrils Neurofibrositis Neurofilament Neurogangliitis Neuroganglion Neurogastric Neurogen Neurogenesis Neurogenetic, neurogenic, Neurogenous Neuroglia Neuroglial Neurogliocyte Neurogliocytoma
101
Neuroglioma Neurogliomatosis Neurogliosis Neurography Neurohematology Neurohistology Neurohormone Neurohumor Neurohumoralism Neurohypophysealphysical Neurohypophysis Neuroid Neuroinduction Neuroinidia Neuroinoma Neuroinomatosis Neurokeratin Neurokinet Neurokyme Neurolabyrinthitis Neurolemma Neurolemmitis Neuroleptic Neurolipomatosis- Dolorosa
102
Neurologia Neurological Neurologist Neurolues Neurolymph Neurolymphomatosis Neurolysin Neurolysis Neurolytic neuroma Neuromalacia Neuromast Neuromatosis Neuromatous Neuromechanism Neuromere Neuromimetic Neuromittor Neuromotor Neuromuscular Neuromyalgia Neuromyelitis Neuromyic Neuromyon Neuromyositis
103
Neuron Neuronagenesis Neuronal Neuronatrophy Neurone Neuronic Neuronin Neuronitis Neuronophage Neuronophagia Neuronophagocytosis Neuronosis Neuronotropic Neuronymy Neuronyxis Neuropapillitis Neuroparalysis Neuroparalytic Neuropath Neuropathic Neuropathist Neuropathogenesis Neuropathogenicity Neuropathology
104
Neuropathy Neurophage Neurophilic Neurophonia Neurophthalmology Neurophysiology Neuropile Neuroplasm Neuroplasmic Neuroplasty Neuroplexus Neuroploca Neuropodion Neuropore Neuropotential Neuroprobasia Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychic Neuropsychopathy Neuropsychosis Neuropyra Neuropyretic Neuroradiology Neurorecidive
105
Neuroregulation Neuroretinitis Neuroretinopathy Neurorrhaphy Neurorrheuma Neurosal Neurosarcoma Neurosclerosis Neurosecretion Neurosensory Neurosis Neurosism Neuroskeletal Neuroskeleton Neurosome Neurospasm Neurosplanchnic Neurospongima Neurospongium Neurostatus Neurostearic Neurosthenia Neurosurgeon Neurosurgery
106
Neurosuture Neurosyphilis Neurosystemitis Neurotabes Neurotachycardiac Neurotagma Neurotension Neurothecitis Neurothele Neurothelitis Neurotherapeutics Neurothlipsis Neurotic Neurotica Neuroticism Neurotigenic Neurotization Neurotmesis Neurotology Neurotome
107
Neurotomy Neurotonia Neurotonic Neurotony Neurotoxia Neurotoxic Neurotoxicology Neurotoxin Neurotransmitter Neurotrauma Neurotripsy Neurotrope Neurotropic Neurotrophasthenia Neurotrophic Neurotrophy
108
(Hitti and Al-Khatib , 2006:282-5)
109
Conclusion The benefit of Breaking down Strategy is twofold:
110
For Learners: It helps the learners to comprehend (in-depth understanding) what is hidden inside a term and thus will not be forgotten easily (long–term understanding i.e. acquiring rather than learning)
111
For Teachers: A Breaking down Strategy is not applicable only for teaching of vocabulary, but also for different aspects of language skills and functions ( reading, writing ,grammar , etc.)
112
Suggestion for further workshops:
113
Strategies for Teaching English ( 2 )
Teaching Reading in the Academic Setting
114
Great Praise and Thanks be to Allah
Concluding word Great Praise and Thanks be to Allah
115
May Allah Lead All of You to Success
Ended May Allah Lead All of You to Success
116
References Abdulah, G.M.A. (2013). Strategies and approaches for teaching and learning of medical terminology. International Journal of English and Education, (2), issue No.2. Burton-Roberts, N (2011) Analysing sentences: An introduction to English syntax. Pearson Education Limited. Eastwood, J. (1994) Oxford guide to English grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hitti , Y.K. & Al-khatib, A (2006). Hitti 's New medical dictionary (4th edition). Beirut, librarie du liban.
117
Longman advanced dictionary (2007). Pearson education limited, US
Nation, I. S. P (2001). Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Oxford Advanced Learners' Dictionary (2005). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Strevens, P. (1988). The learning and teaching of ESP in Chamberlain, D. and Baumgartner, R.J(eds.) ESP in the classroom: Practice and evaluation, ELT document 128. Modern English publications in association with the British Council, London.
Similar presentations
