1. Flashcards for Major Concepts
Consciousness From Abstract Concept to Concrete Social and Emotional Change
Flashcards for Major Concepts

2. Q1
What is the first consideration in starting any research project?

3. A1
The first step to any research project is to operationally define the constructs that you wish to study.

4. Q2
What are the five considerations of the nature of consciousness that are important when creating a definition of consciousness?

5. A2 Consciousness is a personal experience
Consciousness is a process of being
Consciousness is not directly observable by anyone else
Consciousness has a me-ness to it
Consciousness is more or less continuous

6. Q3
What are the two areas of consciousness research?

7. A3
The two areas of consciousness research are content consciousness and phenomenal consciousness

8. Q4
What branch of consciousness research asks questions regarding the “what” of consciousness?

9. A4
Content Consciousness

10. Q5
What branch of consciousness research asks questions regarding the “what is it like” of consciousness?

11. A5
Phenomenal consciousness

12. Q6
A content consciousness researcher who subscribes to the belief that there are multiple channels of consciousness with each channel handling it’s own task.

13. A6
Daniel Dennett

14. Q7
What field of science conceptualizes consciousness as a set of action potentials in the communication among neurons which produce our specific perceptions, memories, and experience of our own awareness.

15. A7
Neuroscience

16. Q8
A person’s awareness of everything that is going on internally and around him/her at any given moment, which is used to organize behavior.

17. A8
Consciousness (general definition)

18. Q9
The state in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clearly organized and the person feels alert.

19. A9
Waking consciousness

20. Q10
The state in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness

21. A10
Altered consciosuness

22. Q11
The three theoretical perspectives of altered consciousness.

23. A11
State Theories
Role Theories
Trait Theories

24. Q12
Theory of altered consciousness where it is believed that the source of the alteration of consciousness is due to an underlying change in the functioning of the brain.

25. A12
State Theory of Altered Consciousness

26. Q13
Theory of altered consciousness where it is believed that there is no underlying change in the functioning of the brain but instead individuals are acting according to a social contract of behavior.

27. A13
Role theory of altered consciousness

28. Q14
A theoretical viewpoint of altered consciousness that purports that there are individual differences that determine greater or lesser abilities to enter an altered consciousness.

29. A14
Trait Theories

30. Q15
Barber and Calverley researched how this construct influenced responsiveness to hypnotic suggestion.

31. A15
motivation

32. Q16
The ability to temporarily suspend the critical voice of the ego so that individuals feel less judgmental of themselves and others

33. A16
Ego transcendence

34. Q17
While experiencing an alteration from waking consciousness participants reported having a part of themselves that continued to be aware of everything going on. This part is called…

35. A17
The Hidden Observer

36. Q18
Researcher who discovered the hidden observer during hypnosis experiments utilizing hypnosis as anesthesia to the pain of submerging participants arms in ice water.

37. A18
Ernest Hilgard

38. Q19
Theorist who disagreed with Hilgard’s view of the hidden observer as evidence of a state change in individuals while under hypnosis.

39. A19
Nicholas Spanos

40. Q20
How did Spanos explain the hidden observer?

41. A20
Spanos believed the hidden observer was a role played by hypnosis participants because the researcher suggested this role during the directions for the hypnosis.

42. Q21
What is the essence of the mind/body problem of consciousness?

43. A21
Consciousness cannot be both ethereal and material at the same time.

44. Q22
The nickname given to the mind/body problem. This nickname is also the name of a popular children’s cartoon.

45. A22
Casper’s Dilemma

46. Q23
Historical philosopher and mathematician associated with dualism.

47. A23
Rene Descartes

48. Q24
Where did Descartes believe was the seat of the soul?

49. A24
The pineal gland

50. Q25
Prior to Descartes, what was believed to be the function of the soul?

51. A25
The soul was believed to be the source of heat, life, and movement.

52. Q26
The discover of Descartes as a result of his dissections.

53. A26
Reflex or reflex arc

54. Q27
Did Descartes believe animals had souls?

55. A27 no

56. Q28
What one function did Descartes attribute to the soul.

57. A28
Thought which he defined as conscious deliberation and judgment.

58. Q29
Functions of the pineal gland

59. A29 Secretion of melatonin
Regulation of endocrine functions (hormones)
Conversion of nervous system signals to endocrine signals
Causes feelings of sleepiness (melatonin)
Influences the timing of the development of the sexual organs

60. Q30
The historical contemplation of consciousness that suggested consciousness was created by the physical brain, unable to control the physical body, and observed the control of the physical body through other physical mechanisms.

61. A30
epiphenomenalism

62. Q31
Historical figure who suggested epiphenomenalism to explain consciousness

63. A31
Thomas Henry Huxley

64. Q32
Researcher who coined the phrase “the Hard Problem” of consciousnes

65. A32
David Chalmers

66. Q33
Researcher who coined the term “The explanatory gap”.

67. A33
Joseph Levine

68. Q34
The difficulty of science to explain how a physical system can give rise to a subjective experience is called the…

69. A34
Hard problem of consciousness

70. Q35
The problem in science that even if we have a natural law to explain the components of consciousness that we are still unable to explain the leap to awareness through consciounsess…

71. A35
The explanatory gap

72. Q36
What is the unique viewpoint of consciousness in Eastern Philosophy?

73. A36
Consciousness creates physical reality

74. Q37
The neuroscientist who studied how receptors for neurotransmitters interacted with neurotransmitters in the body.

75. A37
Candace Pert

76. Q38
The second most plentiful site of receptors for serotonin is…

77. A38
The stomach

78. Q39
Movement that is initiated from an internal physical or emotional feeling…

79. A39
Authentic movement