1. Date of download: 10/26/2017
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From: Targeted Particle Tracking in Computational Models of Human Carotid Bifurcations
J Biomech Eng. 2011;133(12): doi: /
Figure Legend:
(a) Calculated pathlines for every tenth of 10,000 particles of Group 1 released with uniform distribution in the inlet plane of an idealized carotid bifurcation model. The ICA is shown on the left. The “carotid bulb plane” is identified by the colored horizontal line. Circulatory flow and sparse filling are clearly visible in the “carotid bulb region” (defined as the outer half of the internal carotid artery (ICA) at the level of the bulb plane, and colored orange). Alongside are shown cross sectional images at the inlet plane in the common carotid artery (CCA) and at the carotid bulb plane for all 10,000 particles. Particles are shaded according to the position at which they first pass through the bulb plane with antegrade flow (magenta for ECA, green for ICA, and orange for the bulb region). (b) Group 2 and (c) Group 3: as for (a), but particles were released with uniform distribution over the subregions in the CCA inlet plane as shown, in order to target the carotid bulb region. (d) The combination of all 30,000 particles of Groups 1–3. For clarity, only 500 pathlines are shown for each group. Particles in the cross-sectional images are colored according to the lateral position at which they first pass through the bulb plane (first pass antegrade flow), ranging from orange (in the bulb region of the ICA) through yellow, green, and blue to red (in the outer part of the ECA). Particles undergoing recirculation pass downwards through the recirculation region in the carotid bulb (second pass retrograde flow: shaded black) before third pass antegrade flow through the bulb plane (shaded gray) and finally exit the model through the ICA. See also Table .