1. THE PROGRESSIVE ERA CHAPTER 9
MR. ALLEN
U.S. HISTORY
THE AMERICANS

2. SECTION 1 – THE ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM
Political, economic, and social change in late 19th century America led to broad progressive reforms.
Progressive reforms in areas such as labor and voting rights reinforced democratic principles that continue to exist today.

3. THE 4 GOALS OF PROGRESSIVISM
Protecting social welfare
Promoting moral improvement
Creating economic reform
Fostering efficiency

4. Promoting Social Welfare
Soften some of the harsh conditions created by industrialization
YMCA
Salvation army
Florence Kelly – Advocate for improving the lives of women and children

5. Promoting moral improvement
Prohibition – The 18th Amendment banned alcoholic beverages
Prohibitionist groups feared that alcohol was undermining American morals.

7. Creating Economic Reform
A severe economic panic in 1873 caused some Americans to question the capitalist system.
American Socialist Party founded in 1901
MUCKRAKERS – Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life

8. SECTION 2 WOMEN IN PUBLIC LIFE
As a result of social and economic change, many women entered public life as workers and reformers
Women won new opportunities in labor and education that are enjoyed today.

9. Women in Public Life
19th Century: Women expected to care for home and family (before civil war)
Poorer women had to work
Farming in rural areas
Factory work in cities
20% of women work
25% of them in manufacturing
Also in education, offices, stores, bookkeepers

10. WOMEN LEAD REFORM
By 1910, women’s clubs were nearly 500,000 strong. They discussed art and literature
Grew into reform groups –Child labor and literature
Vassar college

11. SENECA FALLS – Declaration of Sentiments
1848 – Convention were prominent reformers got together and asked for women’s suffrage.
14th Amendment- “I would sooner cut off my right hand than ask the ballot for a black man and not a woman.”

12. SECTION 3 -TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL
As president, Theodore Roosevelt worked to give citizens a Square Deal through progressive reforms
Teddy Roosevelt’s conservation efforts made a permanent impact on environmental resources.

13. Roosevelt Rises to Power

14. Theodore Roosevelt Governor of New York
Hero of the Spanish-American War
Chosen as William McKinley’s Vice-Presidential nominee
The GOP found him hard to control
Thought they could “hide” him
Becomes president when McKinley is assassinated
1901

15. “Bully Pulpit” and federal power
TR saw the presidency as a bully pulpit
Bully Pulpit: Place to push for ideas
Believed regular people needed a fair chance to succeed
A “Square Deal”
Used federal power to push reform

16. Trustbusting 1900: Trusts control 80% of all industry
Priced competitors out of the market
Then boosted prices
Sherman Antitrust Act was ineffective
TR orders Justice Dept. to sue Northern Securities (railroad company)
Supreme Court dissolves the company

17. 1902 Coal Strike
Miners went on strike, wanting a 20% pay raise and shorter days.
Teddy threatened to have the Federal Govt take over the mining business
Both sides came to the white house and struck a deal
Set a standard

18. Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle”
Describes sickening conditions of the meatpacking industry
Teddy pushed for passage of the Meat Inspection Act.
Pure food and drug act – Truth in labeling

19. TR and John Muir in Yosemite

20. Conservation Roosevelt sets aside land Conservation:
1.5 million acres for water-power sites
80 million acres for mineral/water resources
Creates 50 wildlife sanctuaries
Conservation:
Preservation of the wilderness

21. SECTION 9.4 – PROGRESSIVISM UNDER TAFT
Taft’s ambivalent approach to progressive reform led to a split in the Republican Party and the loss of the presidency to the Democrats
Rise of the Third Party Candidate

22. TAFT STUMBLES
Taft sought to consolidate rather than expand Roosevelt’s reforms
Signed Payne-Aldrich Tariff, angering anti-tariff progressives

23. THE REPUBLICAN PARTY SPLITS
Taft’s cautious nature made it impossible for him to hold together the party, progressives and conservatives
Roosevelt returns from Africa

24. THE BULL MOOSE PARTY Progressive Agenda Advocated Women’s suffrage
8 hour weekday
Child labor laws

25. WOODROW WILSON WINS PRESIDENCY

26. WOODROW WILSON WINS PRESIDENCY
Southern Democrat, Academic, Governor of New Jersey
New Nationalism- The government should exert its power for the welfare of the people
Wilson enacted similar polices to those championed by Teddy Roosevelt

27. SECTION 9.5 – WILSON’S NEW FREEDOM
Woodrow Wilson established a strong reform agenda as a progressive leader
19th Amendment passed during his administration, giving women the vote

28. Financial Reforms
Clayton Anti-Trust Act – Strengthens the Sherman Anti-trust act.
Federal trade commission, Federal Reserve established
A new federal income tax established

29. MORE ON THE FEDERAL RESERVE
12 districts
Decentralized private banking system under federal control
Banker’s banks could issue new currency in emergency situations to banks
Ben Bernanke

30. The Progressive era ends
Failure to help African Americans
Wilson opposed anti-lynching legislation
World War 1 ends the progressive era