1. IN THE NEOLITHIC OF ROMANIA
“ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA”
UNIVERSITY OF IAŞI
ROMANIAN HISTORY NATIONAL MUSEUM
MAN AND CERVIDS
IN THE NEOLITHIC OF ROMANIA
Luminiţa BEJENARU, Adrian BĂLĂŞESCU & Vasile COTIUGĂ

2. NEOLITHIC PERIODS – ROMANIAN TERRITORY
Early Neolithic ( b.c.) - Starčevo-Criş culture
Starčevo-Criş BC

3. NEOLITHIC PERIODS – ROMANIAN TERRITORY
Developed Neolithic ( b.c.) – Vinča culture
– Linear Pottery culture
Linear Pottery
Linear Pottery
Vinča

4. Pre-Cucuteni Cucuteni Hamangia Cernavoda Boian Gumelniţa
NEOLITHIC PERIODS – ROMANIAN TERRITORY
Chalcolithic ( b.c.): Early Chalcolithic - Hamangia, Boian, Precucuteni cultures
Late Chalcolithic - Gumelnita, Cucuteni, Cernavoda cultures
Pre-Cucuteni
Cucuteni
Hamangia
Cernavoda
Boian
Gumelniţa

5. Moldavia Transylvania Banat Dobrudja Walachia Carpathian Mountains
Early Neolithic
Developed Neolithic
Chalcolithic
Pruth
Tisa
Moldavia
Transylvania
Carpathian
Mountains
Mures
Siret
Olt
Banat
Dobrudja
Walachia
Black
Sea
Danube

6. Identified cervid species
Red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Elk (Alces alces)
Fallow deer (Cervus dama)

7. Early Neolithic
Developed Neolithic
Chalcolithic
Pruth
Tisa
Red deer (Cervus elaphus)
13.15%
15.73%
10.54%
6.58%
8.94%
11.24%
Carpathian
Mountains
Mures
Siret
Olt
14.87%
15.88%
9.39%
2.09%
8.17%
10.54%
Black
Sea
Danube

8. Early Neolithic
Developed Neolithic
Chalcolithic
Pruth
Tisa
2.15%
5,25%
3.92%
Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
1.78%
2.98%
4.94%
Carpathian
Mountains
Mures
Siret
Olt
3.48%
4.08%
0.92%
1.11%
1.13%
0.62%
Black
Sea
Danube

9. Poduri 0.03% Carpathian Mountains Carcaliu 0.2% Însurăţei 0.3%
Early Neolithic
Developed Neolithic
Chalcolithic
Pruth
Tisa
Fallow deer (Cervus dama)
Poduri
0.03%
Carpathian
Mountains
Mures
Siret
Olt
Carcaliu
0.2%
Însurăţei
0.3%
Liubcova +
Geamurlia +
Borduşani
0.01%
Black
Sea
Danube

10. Andrieşeni Târpeşti Poduri Cucuteni Carpathian Mountains Liubcova
Early Neolithic
Developed Neolithic
Chalcolithic
Andrieşeni
Pruth
Tisa
Târpeşti
Elk (Alces alces)
Poduri
Cucuteni
Carpathian
Mountains
Mures
Siret
Olt
Liubcova
Vităneşti
Black
Sea
Danube

11. Hunting management
Red deer (Cervus elaphus)

12. Hunting management
Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

13. Average of withers heights
Early Neolithic
Developed Neolithic
Chalcolithic
Pruth
Tisa
Red deer (Cervus elaphus)
126 cm
Carpathian
Mountains
Mures
Siret
Olt
123.6 cm
120.9 cm
124 cm
126 cm
Black
Sea
Danube

14. Tools on antler tines: a. pointed-ended tine; b. handle;
Antlers as raw materials
Drăguşeni – Cucuteni culture
Cervus elaphus a. b. c. d.
Tools on antler tines: a. pointed-ended tine; b. handle;
c. chisel; d. plate.

15. Bones as raw materials Cervus elaphus Capreolus capreolus c. a. b.
Manufacturing process on a red deer metacarpus:
a. anterior face; b. posterior face; c. perforating end.
Perforating tools:
roe deer metapodials.
Imitation of red deer canine
(unidentified bone).

16. Teeth & Bones as raw materials
Brad (Cucuteni culture).
Hăbăşeşti (Cucuteni culture).
Necklaces - Red deed canine teeth and imitations in bone.

17. Body parts in rituals Alces alces
Norma dorsalis
Norma basilaris
Left antler found at Poduri (Cucuteni culture)

18. Body parts in rituals
Cattle (Bos taurus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) astragali discovered in the tell of Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru, Cucuteni A1 level.

19. The stag of the Dudestii Noi (near Bucharest) - Starčevo-Criş culture.
Thank you for your attention!
The stag of the Dudestii Noi (near Bucharest) - Starčevo-Criş culture.