1. Evolution
Chapter 15

2. Evolution What causes things to become different over time?
Many changes can be traced to mutations that have occurred.
Sexual reproduction causes variability. Mutations introduce new traits into the gene pool.

3. Evolution

4. Evolution
Comes from the root word to evolve. To evolve, means to change.
Things change over time. Ex. Human height
Charles Darwin was the most famous person to study evolution.
Darwin published a book , Origin of Species.

5. Evolution
E:\Evolution_and_the_Success_or_Failure_of_Species.asf

6. Species
A group of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring.

8. Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution
Selective use or disuse of organs. Organisms acquired or lost certain traits during their lifetime, if they needed a trait they grew it, if they didn’t need a trait, they lost it.
Traits gained or lost could be passed on to offspring
Over time this change led to formation of new species.

9. Lamark cont.
He also proposed that all organisms have a tendency to achieve perfection as a species, therefore they constantly change.

12. Charles Darwin Naturalist Studied plants and animals for differences
Collected specimens from the areas that he visited for further study
Talked to the local people about how plant and animal life had changed over time.

13. Charles Darwin
Five year voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle a refitted warship.
Traveled to the Galapagos Islands
Studied nature; plants and animals.

15. Evolution
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16. Evolution
E:\The_Galapagos_Islands.asf

19. Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species
Individual organisms in nature differ from one another. Some of this variation is inherited.
Organisms in nature produce more offspring than can survive, and many of those that survive do not reproduce.

20. Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species
Because more organisms are produced than can survive, members of each species must compete for limited resources.
Because each organism is unique, each has different advantages and disadvantages in the struggle for existence.

21. Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species
Individuals best suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. The characteristics that make them best suited to survive their environment are passed to the offspring. Individuals whose characteristics are not well suited to their environment die or leave fewer offspring.

22. Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species
Species change over time. Over long periods, natural selection causes changes in the characteristics of a species, such as in size and form. New species arise, and other species disappear.

23. Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species
Species alive today have descended with modification from species that lived in the past.
All organisms on Earth are united into a single tree of life by common descent.

25. Evolution
E:\Agents_of_Evolution.asf

26. Evidence of Evolution Geographic distribution Fossil Record
Homologous body structures
Similarities in early development

29. Evolution
E:\Fossils_and_the_Study_of_Evolution.asf

30. Evolution
E:\The_Types_of_Fossils_and_How_They_Formed.asf

38. Artificial Selection VS. Natural Selection
What causes certain characteristics to benefit an organism over others?
Natural selection
Speed
Strength
Intelligence
Coloration

39. Natural Selection cont.
Product production
Amount of food produced each season

40. Evolution
E:\Elephant_Evolution.asf

41. Artificial Selection Many times determined by Humans
Selective breeding, most milk, more meat.
More fruit, larger, stronger.
Environmental change caused by humans
Peppered moth

42. Interactions among Organisms
E:\Introduction___Interactions_and_Relationships_Among_Organisms.asf

43. Predation
E:\Predation.asf

44. Symbiosis
E:\Symbiosis.asf

45. Endangered Species
Species that is close to extinction because of environmental factors.
Predation
Habitat change
Loss of food source

46. Speciation Formation of new species Reproductive isolation
Geographic isolation
Change in feeding habits or food availability.

47. Classification
Putting large amounts of material into an order that allows easier identification.
Library- Dewey Decimal System
Phone book- Alphabetical order
Textbook- Chapters that put similar information into easy to find order

48. Scientific Names Names assigned to organisms to help identify them.
Aristotle was the first person to attempt a classification system
He classified according to where an animal or plant lived.
Air, land or water
PROBLEMS???

49. Linnaeus’ System of Classification
Developed binominal nomenclature
Two word naming system
Genus
species
Notice the Genus is capitalized the species is not
Based on Latin descriptive language

50. Linnaeus’ System of Classification
Genus is a verb
Species is a noun
Homo sapien
Man-like

61. Classification
E:\Basics_of_Biology__The__How_Living_Things_are_Classified.asf

63. Evolution
E:\Endangered_Species.asf

64. Evolution
E:\Protecting_Endangered_Species.asf

65. Evolution
E:\Extinction__Gone_Forever.asf

66. Evolution
E:\Increased_Rates_of_Extinction_in_the_Modern_World.asf