1. QUESTION AND ANSWERS
Computer Science

2. What is software architecture?
The software architecture of a program or computing system is the structure or structures of the system, which comprise software components, the externally visible properties of those components, and the relationships between them.
What is software design?
Software design is a process of problem-solving and planning for a software solution. After the purpose and specifications of software are determined, software developers will design or employ designers to develop a plan for a solution. It includes low-level component and algorithm implementation issues as well as the architectural view.

3. What is Web application?
In computing, a web application or web app is a client–server software application which the client (or user interface) runs in a web browser.
Why Web application?
A web application is any application that uses a web browser as a client.
Web applications are popular due to the ubiquity of web browsers, and the convenience of using a web browser as a client to update and maintain web applications without distributing and installing software on potentially thousands of client computers is a key reason for their popularity, as is the inherent support for cross-platform compatibility.
What is open source software?
Open-source software (OSS) is computer software with its source code made available with a license in which the copyright holder provides the rights to study, change, and distribute the software to anyone and for any purpose.

4. What is MySQL
Developer(s): Oracle Corporation
Written in: C, C++
Type: RDBMS
License: GPL (version 2) or proprietary
MySQL is an open-source relational database management system(RDBMS); It is the world's second most widely used RDBMS, and the most widely used open-source client– server model RDBMS. The SQL abbreviation stands for Structured Query Language. The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements.
What MySQL is popular
MySQL is a popular choice of database for use in web applications, and is a central component of the widely used LAMP open-source web application software stack (and other "AMP" stacks). LAMP is an acronym for "Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python". Free- software open-source projects that require a full-featured database management system often use MySQL.
Who uses MySQL
Applications that use the MySQL database include: TYPO3, MODx, Joomla, WordPress, phpBB, MyBB, Drupal and other software. MySQL is also used in many high-profile, large-scale websites, including Google (though not for searches),Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, and YouTube.

5. What is HTML5
HTML5 is a markup language used for structuring and presenting content on the World Wide Web. It is the fifth and current version of the HTML standard.
Why HTML5? Difference from HTML4
HTML5 was developed to solve compatibility problems that affect the current standard, HTML4. One of the biggest differences between HTML5 and previous versions of the standard is that older versions of HTML require proprietary plugins and APIs. (This is why a Web page that was built and tested in one browser may not load correctly in another browser.)
Why HTML5
HTML5 provides one common interface to make loading elements easier. For example, there is no need to install a Flash plugin in HTML5 because the element will run by itself.
One of the design goals for HTML5 is to support for multimedia on mobile devices. New syntactic features were introduced to support this, such as video, audio and canvas tags.

6. PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"
PHP History?
PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a general- purpose programming language. Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP Group. PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive backronym PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.
What is PHP?
PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general- purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.
PHP Key points?
PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"
PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
PHP scripts are executed on the server
PHP is free to download and use
What is Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language.

7. What is JavaScript?
JavaScript is a cross-platform, object-oriented scripting language. It is a small and lightweight language. Inside a host environment (for example, a web browser), JavaScript can be connected to the objects of its environment to provide programmatic control over them.
A scripting language developed by Netscape to enable Web authors to design interactive sites. Although it shares many of the features and structures of the full Java language, it was developed independently. JavaScript can interact with HTML source code, enabling Web authors to spice up their sites with dynamic content. JavaScript is endorsed by a number of software companies and is an open language that anyone can use without purchasing a license. It is supported by recent browsers from Netscape and Microsoft, though Internet Explorer supports only a subset, which Microsoft calls Jscript.
What is Web server
A Web server is a program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve the files that form Web pages to users, in response to their requests, which are forwarded by their computers' HTTP clients. Dedicated computers and appliances may be referred to as Web servers as well.

8. What is Cohesion and Coupling (Difference)
Cohesion is a measure that defines the degree of intra-dependability within elements of a module. The greater the cohesion, the better is the program design.
Cohesion is a qualitative indication of the degree to which a module focuses on just one thing.
Cohesion is an indication of the relative functional strength of a module. Cohesion as the “single-mindedness” of a component.
Cohesion implies that a component or class encapsulates only attributes and operations that are closely related to one another and to the class or component
itself.
Coupling
Coupling is a measure that defines the level of inter-dependability among modules of a program. It tells at what level the modules interfere and interact with each other. The lower the coupling, the better the program.

9. Coupling is a qualitative indication of the degree to which a module is connected to other modules and to the outside world.
Coupling is an indication of the relative interdependence among modules. Coupling is an indication of interconnection among modules in a software structure.
Coupling is a qualitative measure of the degree to which classes are connected to
one another. As classes (and components) become more interdependent, coupling increases. An important objective in component-level design is to keep coupling as low as is possible.
What is Verification and Validation
Verification refers to the set of tasks that ensure that software correctly implements a specific function.
Verification: “Are we building the product right?”
Validation refers to a different set of tasks that ensure that the software that has been built is traceable to customer
requirements.
Validation: “Are we building the right product?”

10. What is ISO 9000
ISO is a set of international standards on quality management and quality assurance developed to help companies effectively document the quality system elements to be implemented to maintain an efficient quality system.
They are not specific to any one industry and can be applied to organizations of any size.
ISO is a series of standards, developed and published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), that define, establish, and maintain an effective quality system for manufacturing and service industries.
The ISO standard is the most widely known and has perhaps had the most impact of the 13,000 standards published by the ISO. It serves many different industries and organizations as a guide to quality products, service, and management.

11. Standards in the ISO 9000
ISO 9001: sets out the requirements of a quality management system
ISO 9000: covers the basic concepts and language
ISO 9004: focuses on how to make a quality management system more efficient and effective
ISO : sets out guidance on internal and external audits of quality management systems.
What Are Web Services?
Web services provide a standard means of interoperating between software applications running on a variety of platforms and frameworks. Web services are characterized by their great interoperability and extensibility, as well as their machine-processable descriptions, thanks to the use of XML.

12. What is Reliability
Reliability can be defined as the probability that produce correct outputs up to some given time t. reliability = exp(-t/MTBF).
a system
will
What is Availability
Availability means the probability that a system is operational at a given time, i.e. the amount of time a device is actually operating as the percentage of total time it should be operating.
Availability of the module is the percentage of time when system is operational. Availability of a hardware/software module can be obtained by the formula given below.

13. Mention Software IEEE documentation
IEEE software life cycle
SQA – Software quality assurance IEEE 730
SCM – Software configuration management IEEE 828 STD – Software test documentation IEEE 829
SRS – Software requirements specification IEEE 830 V&V – Software verification and validation IEEE 1012 SDD – Software design description IEEE 1016
SPM – Software project management IEEE 1058 SUD – Software user documentation IEEE 1063

14. UML Diagrams (UACSCTCSD)
Use Case Diagram
Activity
Class
Sequence
Communication
Timing
Component
State Time
Deployment
What is Polymorphism
Polymorphism refers to a programming language's ability to process objects differently depending on their data type or class.

15. What is Capability Maturity Model Integration
Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is a process improvement training and appraisal program and service administered and marketed by Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). CMU claims CMMI can be used to guide process improvement across a project, division, or an entire organization. Currently supported is CMMI Version 1.3.

16. What is SRS Document
A software requirements specification (SRS) is a description of a software system to be developed. It lays out functional and non-functional requirements, and may include a set of use cases that describe user interactions that the software must provide.
What is Software Design Description
Software design description (aka software design document or SDD) is a written description of a software product, that a software designer writes in order to give a software development team overall guidance to the architecture of the software project. An SDD usually accompanies an architecture diagram with pointers to detailed feature specifications of smaller pieces of the design.
What is Quality Manual
The quality manual requires documentation of the organization's 'quality policy', which is the position that the organization takes in regards to quality. It also requires specific and measurable 'qualityobjectives', and documents, such as standard operating procedures (SOPs) for at least six functional areas.

17. What is Hardware-Software Testing
System testing of software or hardware is testing conducted on a complete, integrated system to evaluate the system's compliance with its specified requirements. System testing falls within the scope of black-box testing, and as such, should require no knowledge of the inner design of the code or logic.
What is User Manual
A user guide or user's guide, also commonly known as a manual, is a technical communication document intended to give assistance to people using a particular system.
What is Soft computing
Soft computing is an emerging collection of methodologies, which aim to exploit tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty, and partial truth to achieve robustness, tractability and total low cost.

18. Difference Between Bit Rate and Baud Rate.
The differences between bit rate and baud rate:
Bit rate is measured as number of data bits transmitted / second in communication channel.
Baud rate is measured as number of times a signal state is changed in a communication channel.
Bit rate is a measure of the number of data bits (that's 0's and 1's) transmitted in one second. A figure of 2400 bits per second means 2400 zeros or ones can be transmitted in
one second, hence the abbreviation 'bps'. Baud rate by definition means the number of times a signal in a communications channel changes state.
What is RS-232
Serial Port: A serial port is an interface that allows a PC to transmit or receive data one bit at a time.
RS-232 is a standard for serial communication transmission of data. The standard defines the electrical characteristics and timing of signals, the meaning of signals, and the physical size and pinout of connectors. 20 kbps for 15 mtr
What is Bit Rate
Bit rate (sometimes written bitrate or as a variable R is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. The speed with which data can be transmitted from one device to another.

19. What is Graphics Rendering
Rendering is the process of generating an image from a 2D or 3D model (or models in what collectively could be called a scene file) by means of computer programs. Also, the results of such a model can be called a rendering.
What Is 3d Rendering
3D rendering is the 3D computer graphics process of automatically converting 3D wire
frame models into 2D images
rendering on a computer.
What is image rendering
with 3Dphotorealistic effects or non-photorealistic
Rendering is the process of generating an image from a 2D or 3D model (or models in what collectively could be called a scene file) by means of computer programs. Also, the results of such a model can be called a rendering.
In 3-D graphic design, rendering is the process of add shading, color and lamination to a 2-D or 3-D wireframe in order to create life-like images on a screen. Rendering may be done ahead of time (pre-rendering) or it can be done in on-the-fly in real time. Real-time rendering is often used for 3-D video games, which require a high level of interactivity with the player. Pre-rendering, which is CPU-intensive but can be used to create more realistic images, is typically used for movie creation.

20. Thanks…