1. Nationalism, Identity, and Citizenship
Turkey and Globalization/ Europeanization

2. Kurdish Conflict Recognition of their distinct ethnic identity.
Embedded in violent ethnic conflict. Problem of national security
Rise of Kurdish nationalism:
Different political projects: secession, federalism, local autonomy, multi-cultural citizenship
PKK uprising and state of emergency. Rights violations and internal displacement
Political limits
1999 Capture of Abdullah Ocalan
2003 US Invasion of Iraq and changing position of Kurdish Regional Government in Iraq

3. Politics of Identity- Globalization/ Europeanization
Growing significance of sub-national and transnational identity claims
Challenge the assimilationist dimension of Turkish nationalism
Problem of national security versus democracy
Redefinition of minority
Minority as legal status or as factual status
Individual rights or group rights
Desirability of minority status
Multicultural citizenship
Right to difference

4. Kurdish Conflict Cultural rights Political rights
Right to use Kurdish language in speech, media, political campaigning, public services, right to teach Kurdish, and right to education in Kurdish, right to establish cultural associations
Political rights
Freedom of expression
reduction of 10% threshold in electoral system
Restrictions on banning political parties
Kurds constitutionally recognized as a co-founding nation.
Strengthening local governments

5. Kurdish issue and Turkish political reform
2001 freedom of expression in languages other than Turkish
2002 broadcasting in languages other than Turkish
2002 lifting of state of emergency in southeastern Turkey –Law on Compensation for Damages Arising from Terror and Combating Terror
2003 teaching minority languages in private courses
2004 public broadcasting in languages other than Turkish

6. Alevi revival Recognition of their distinct religious identity
Reaction against the rise of Sunni Islam
1993 Madimak massacre, 1995 Gazi events
Importance of secularism
Diversity of Turkish Islam
Exemption from Sunni religious instruction.
Inclusion of Alevi Islam in religious education.
State support for places of worship
Restructuring State directorate of religion
Not seeking religious minority status

7. Non-Muslims
Greeks, Armenians, and Jews: legal minority under Lausanne Treaty
Construction as foreigners
Principle of reciprocity versus citizenship rights
Property rights of non-Muslim foundations
Confiscation of property since 1936
Right to train clergy- opening of Halki seminary
Pursuit of communal rights versus citizenship rights: case of Sari Gelin documentary
Rights of non-Muslims not recognized under Lausanne treaty