1. MOUNT KARANGETANG ERUPTS IN INDONESIA
ERUPTION OCCURS WITHIN HOURS OF JAPAN’S M9.0 QUAKE AND TSUNAMI DISASTER
FRIDAY, MARCH 11, 2011
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

2. MOUNT KARANGETANG ERUPTS
The 1,784 m (5,853 ft) volcano, which is one of Indonesia’s 129 active volcan-oes, is located on Siau.

3. VOLCANO HAZARDS (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
VERTICAL PLUME
ASH AND TEPHRA
LATERAL BLAST
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS

4. VOLCANO HAZARDS (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
LAVA FLOWS
LAHARS
EARTHQUAKES (related to movement of lava)
“VOLCANIC WINTER”

5. NATURAL HAZARDS FOR WHICH EVACUATION IS TYPICAL
FLOODS
GOAL: MOVE PEOPLE OUT OF HARM’S WAY
HURRICANES
HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR SAVING LIVES, BUT LOW BEMEFIT/COST FOR PROTECTING PROPERTY
TYPHOONS
TSUNAMIS
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
WILDFIRES

6. INDONESIA HAS 129 OF THE WORLD’S 1,500 ACTIVE VOLCANOES

7. TECTONICS OF INDONESIA REGION
The Australian and Eurasian plates meet in Indonesia, creating a tectonic setting favorable for generating earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.

8. SUBDUCTION ZONE PROCESSES CAN CAUSE VOLCANOES

9. Indonesia has 129 active volcanoes, with two of the most active ones — Mount Kelut and Mount Merapi — on the island of Java, where the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, is.

10. INDONESIA HAS MORE THAN 17,000 ISLANDS

11. THE ERUPTION SENT LAVA AND GAS CLOUDS DOWN THE SLOPES

12. SENSITIZED BY THE 2004 TSUNAMI DISASTER, INDONESIANS HEEDED THE WARNING
This time, the tsunami that inundated towns, immobilized air ports, destroyed buildings, and killed 1,000’s in Japan, WAS NOT DEADLY in Indonesia.

13. IN 2004, TSUNAMI WAVES REACHED BANDA ACHE IN1/2 HOUR, THEN TRAVERSED THE INDIAN OCEAN

14. 12 COUNTRIES ADJACENT TO THE INDIAN OCEAN WERE IMPACTED

16. THE 2004 EXPERIENCE
THE TSUNAMI WAS GENERATED BY A SHALLOW, M 9.3 EARTHQUAKE LOCATED 260 KM (155 MI) FROM BANDA ACEH, SUMATRA

17. THE 2004 EXPERIENCE
THE TSUNAMI WAVES HAD HEIGHTS OF 4 TO 10 M AND RUNUP OF 3.3 KM OR MORE ON THE COAST LINES OF 12 NATIONS

18. THE EXISTING TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM WAS INEFFECTIVE IN 2004.
THE 2004 EXPERIENCE
THE EXISTING TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM WAS INEFFECTIVE IN 2004.
RESULT: LITTLE OR NO EVACUATION.

19. THE 2004 EXPERIENCE
AN EXTIMATED 220,000 PEOPLE WERE KILLED (120,000 IN INDONESIA) AND 500,000 WERE INJURED IN 12 COUNTRIES BORDERING THE INDIAN OCEAN