1. Chapter 20: Tobacco

2. The Health Risks of Tobacco use
Advertisements for tobacco products often feature healthy, attractive people sending the message that using tobacco has no health consequences.
ALL tobacco products contain warning labels that inform the user that tobacco products can be harmful to an individuals health.

3. Health risks of tobacco use (cont.)
Medical studies have shown that tobacco is the Leading cause of preventable death and disability in the united states.
Any form of tobacco use such as smoking, chewing, or dipping tobacco can cause health problems.
About 90% of adults began the habit as a teenager
It is easier to avoid tobacco altogether than to try to quit later on.

4. Nicotine
Tobacco users have difficulty quitting because tobacco has an addictive drug – a substance that causes psychological or physiological dependence.
All tobacco products contain nicotine – the addictive drug found in tobacco leaves
Nicotine is a stimulant – a drug that increases the activity of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs.
Using nicotine raises blood pressure, and increases your heart rate.

5. Poisonous substances in tobacco smoke
Tobacco is an addictive and toxic drug.
It contains carcinogens – a cancer-causing substance.

6. Tar
Tobacco smoke contains tar – a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns.
the tar damages a smokers respiratory system by destroying the cilia, the tiny hair-like structures that line the upper airways and protect the body against infection.
Tar also destroys the alveoli, or air sacs, which absorb oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide.
Lung tissue is also damaged, reducing lung function.
Smokers are susceptible to diseases such as bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia, heart disease, and cancers.

7. Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Monoxide – a colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas, is another compound found in cigarette smoke.
It is absorbed more easily than oxygen.
Carbon monoxide deprives the body’s tissues and cells of oxygen.
It also increases the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, atherosclerosis, and other circulatory problems.

8. Pipes and cigars
The dangers of tobacco use are not limited to smoking cigarettes.
Cigars contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes.
One cigar contains as much nicotine as an entire pack of cigarettes (20 cigarettes).
Pipes and cigars smokers also increase the risk of developing cancers of the lips, mouth, throat, larynx, lungs, and esophagus.

9. Smokeless Tobacco
Smokeless tobacco – tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed.
Smokeless (sometimes call “spit” tobacco) products are not safe alternatives to smoking.
The nicotine and carcinogens in these products are absorbed into the blood through the mucous membranes in the mouth and digestive tract.
The harmful chemicals of smokeless tobacco are absorbed into the body at levels up to three times the amount of a single cigarette.

10. Harmful effects of tobacco use
Health officials have warned the public about the dangers of tobacco use for several decades.

11. Short-term effects Brain chemistry changes:
The addictive properties of nicotine cause the body to crave more of the drug. The user may experience withdrawal symptoms such as headaches, nervousness, and trembling as soon as 30 minutes after the last tobacco use.
Respiration & heart rate increases:
Breathing during physical activity becomes difficult and endurance is decreased.
Taste buds are dulled and appetite is reduced:
Tobacco users lose their ability to enjoy their food.
Bad breath, yellow teeth, smelly hair, skin, and clothes.

12. Long-term effects Chronic bronchitis: Emphysema:
Occurs when the cilia in the bronchi become so damaged that they are useless. This leads to build-up or tar in the lungs, causing chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion.
Emphysema:
Is a disease that destroys the tiny air sacs in the lungs. The air sacs become less elastic, making it more difficult for the lungs to absorb oxygen. A person with emphysema uses up to 80% of their energy just to breathe.

13. Long-term effects (continued)
Lung Cancer:
Can develop when the cilia in the bronchi are destroyed, and extra mucus cannot be expelled. Cancerous cells can multiply, block the bronchi, and move to the lungs. Nearly 90% of lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking.
Coronary heart disease & stroke:
Can be caused by nicotine. Nicotine constricts blood vessels, which cuts down blood flow to the body’s limbs.
Nicotine also contributes to plaque buildup in the blood vessels, which can lead to hardened arteries, a condition called arteriosclerosis.
Arteries may become clogged increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.
the risk of developing heart disease is greater for smokers than non-smokers.

14. Other consequences of tobacco use
Costs to society:
Tobacco-related illnesses costs the united states about $165 billion each year. Productivity suffers when smokers call in sick because of tobacco- related illness.
Cost to individuals:
A person smoking 1 pack of cigarettes a day will spend about $1,500/year on the habit.
Legal Consequences:
Selling tobacco products to individuals under the age of 18 is illegal. Using tobacco products on school property may lead to suspension or expulsion.

15. Who smokes?
Each day, more than 3,200 people under 18 smoke their first cigarette, and approximately 2,100 youth and young adults become daily smokers.
1 in 5 adults and teenagers smoke.
Approximately 18% of high school students smoke cigarettes.
9 out of 10 smokers start before the age of 18, and 98% start smoking by age 26.

16. Why is smoking harmful to smokers?
More than 16 million people already have at least one disease from smoking.
More than 20 million Americans have died because of smoking since 1964, including approximately 2.5 million deaths due to exposure to secondhand smoke.
8.6 million people live with a serious illness caused by smoking.
On average, smokers die 13 to 14 years earlier than nonsmokers.

17. Smoking and respiratory health
More than 11% of high school students in the United States have asthma, and studies suggest that youth who smoke are more likely to develop asthma.
Smoking slows down lung growth in children and teens.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women in the United States, and 90% of lung cancer deaths among men and approximately 80% of lung cancer deaths among women are due to smoking.