1. External Relations –Cooperation Agreements with Third Countries
Differentiated approach
European Economic Area
EU and Iceland, Lichtenstein, and Norway
Single market and competition
Highly institutionalized
Switzerland
Bilateral agreements
EU- Switzerland summits

2. External Relations –Cooperation Agreements with Third Countries
Western Balkans
Stabilization and Association Process
Development assistance
Membership perspective
Mediterranean and Middle East
No membership perspective
1995 Barcelona Declaration
Bilateral association agreements
Regional forum
Dominance of security considerations
Israel-Palestinian conflict
2008 Union for the Med
Includes Western Balkans
Unclear about objectives and means

3. Source: Laura Lecharpentier (Eurohorizons Danışmanlık), “Akdeniz İçin Birlik: tuzak mı fısat mı?”, Kriter Türkiye- AB İlişkileri Haber- Yorum Dergisi, August 2008, Issue 26, Page 25.

4. External Relations –Cooperation Agreements with Third Countries
European Neighborhood Policy
Avoid new dividing lines
Progressive integration in common market, all but institutions
Russia
1994 Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, EU-Russia summits
Russia does not want membership, neighborhood policy
Chechnya, energy.
Ukraine
Between Russia and EU
1994 Partnership and Cooperation Agreement
Orange Revolution and afterwards.
2004 European Neighborhood Policy
Common Strategy, Eastern Partnership

5. External Relations –Cooperation Agreements with Third Countries
North America
No agreement with NAFTA
EU-US Relations
1990 Transatlantic Declaration
1995 New Transatlantic Agenda
EU-US Summits
Central and South America
Relations develop with democratization in the 1990s.
Inter-regional cooperation:
EU-MERCOSUR Agreement (1995)
Central America, San Jose Dialogue
Cooperation Agreement with the Andean Community

6. External Relations –Cooperation Agreements with Third Countries
Conflict with ‘Asian Values’
Asia-Europe Meetings (ASEAN, China, Japan, and Korea)
Dispute over Myanmar
Japan
1991 EC-Japan Declaration
Trade disputes
China
Human rights, Tiananmen Square events
Trade issues, EU-China deal for WTO membership
India Strategic Partnership

7. Development Policy Relations with former colonies of member states
EU-ACP Agreements (1964 to present)
Yaounde-Lome-Cotonou
Development assistance,
Preferential trade
Stabilisation of export prices
Innovations of Cotonou agreement
Trade liberalization
Political conditionality
Regional and economic differentiation –Least Developed Countries
Everything But Arms Regulation
Development policy at member-state and at EU level.

8. External Relations – Trade Policy
Rome Treaty gave EU exclusive competence.
Commission-Council relations
Diversifying issues in international trade
Shared competence in some areas.
Trade in services
Intellectual property rights
Single Market –fortress Europe?
Agriculture and audio-visual sectors
Trade diverting effects of EU enlargement
Preferential agreements with third countries
Anti-dumping actions
Health, safety, and environmental regulations

9. External Relations –Trade Policy
EU and WTO
Trade relations with US
Use dispute resolution as a major policy instrument
Bananas, beef, steel
Promote multilateral liberalization in certain areas.
Support membership of China and Russia
Doha Development Round

10. Turkey and EU Trade Policy
Customs Union requires harmonization of trade policy
Turkey needs to implement the EU’s Free Trade Agreements with Third countries
Turkey lacks decision-making power
Third countries are only invited to conclude FTAs with Turkey.