1. The effect of dry period irrigation on yield of three cassava cultivar
in Coarse-loamy, mixed, Oxic Paleustults soil.
P. Thongluang1, K. Panitnok5, S. Chaisri2, E. Sarobol3, N. Udomprasert6,
S. Ngamprasitthi1, P. Chaisri2 and P. Changlek4
(1) Suwanwajokkasikit Field Crops Research Station, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30320
(2)Lop Buri Research Station, Kasetsart University, Lop-Buri, Thailand, 15250
(3)Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10900
(4)Agro-Ecological System Research and Development Institute, Kasetsart University, Phetchabun, Thailand, 67270
(5)Khao Hin Son Research Station, Kasetsart University, Chachoengsao, Thailand, 24120
(6)Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart
University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, 73140
* correspondence e mail
Abstract
Soil properties at Khao Hin Son Research Station
KU 50
Drought is the most significant environmental stress for planting cassava in NE Thailand especially in the dry season. Several reports indicated that water condition is affect to the development of cassava. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dry period irrigation on yield of three cassava cultivars grown on Map Bon, coarse-loamy variant soil at Khao Hin Son Research Station, Chachoengsao, Thailand during November 2010 to December The experiment was carried out in a split plot design in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Five irrigation schemes in dry period were the main plot; (1) application by rain, (2) application at the rate of 40 mm per plant per month at 2 to 4 months after planting, (3) application at the rate of 60 mm per plant per month at 2 to 4 months after planting, (4) application at the rate of 80 mm per plant per month at 2 to 4 months after planting, and (5) application at the rate of 100 mm per plant per month at 2 to 4 months after planting. The sub plot comprised of three cassava cultivars; i.e. KU 50, HB 60 and HB 80. This work provided that treatments with various irrigation schemes gave no differences in fresh stem weight, fresh leaves weight, fresh root yield and root starch content while the KU 50 cultivar with application by rain at 2 to 4 months after planting gave significantly higher fresh root yield by ton per hectare. However, KU 50 cultivar tended to give higher fresh root yield than HB 60 and HB 80 cultivar. Three cassava cultivars tended to show no differences in root starch content about to 31.87%. pH
(1 : 1) OM
(g kg-1)
Total N
(%)
Avail. P (mg kg-1)
Exch. K (mg kg-1)
Exch. Ca (mg kg-1)
Exch. Mg (mg kg-1)
4.7
11.9
0.06
22.5
95.1
94.3
21.8
Very strongly acid
Moderately low
Very low
Moderately high
High
Low
Results
Fresh stem weight of KU 50, HB 60 and HB 80 in 5 water regimes (Ton/ha).
HB 60
Treatment
Varieties
T-Mean
KU 50
HB 60
HB 80
T1= rainfall (the natural)
25.08 a
12.41 a
15.18 a
17.56 a
T2= 40 mm. of irrigation
21.11 ab
12.58 a
14.93 a
16.21 a
T3= 60 mm. of irrigation
21.22 ab
11.70 a
19.55 a
17.49 a
T4= 80 mm. of irrigation
20.79 ab
12.56 a
14.82 a
16.06 a
T5= 100 mm. of irrigation
15.81 b
11.15 a
16.13 a
14.37 a
V-Mean
20.80 a
12.08 b
16.12 ab
F-test **
Fresh root yield of KU 50, HB 60 and HB 80 in 5 water regimes (Ton/ha).
Treatment
Varieties
T-Mean
KU 50
HB 60
HB 80
T1= rainfall (the natural)
64.06 a
55.26 a
44.44 a
54.59 a
T2= 40 mm. of irrigation
51.40 b
52.48 a
44.67 a
49.52 a
T3= 60 mm. of irrigation
54.99 ab
46.54 a
39.33 a
46.95 a
T4= 80 mm. of irrigation
50.69 b
51.06 a
39.11 a
T5= 100 mm. of irrigation
47.91 b
40.04 a
39.55 a
45.50 a
V-Mean
53.81 a
50.88 ab
41.42 b
F-test **
HB 80
Introduction
Cassava is one of the important economic crops of North-Eastern and Eastern parts of Thailand. Map-Bon, coarse-loamy variant is in the coarse-loamy, mixed, Oxic Paleustults great group soil. Furthermore, cassava products is applicable to many industries including food, paper, adhesive and more, 500,000 families, cassava products aims to support the cassava-growing farmers’ income. Average cassava yield was very low (15.49 Ton/ha) due to low soil fertility resulted from long term, continuous cultivation of cassava without simultaneously improving soil fertility or soil and water conservation perspective.
Root starch content of KU 50, HB 60 and HB 80 in 5 water regimes (%).
Treatment
Varieties
T-Mean
KU 50
HB 60
HB 80
T1= rainfall (the natural)
31.70 a
32.23 ab
30.77 a
31.57 a
T2= 40 mm. of irrigation
34.00 a
31.60 ab
31.00 a
32.20 a
T3= 60 mm. of irrigation
28.63 a
26.47 b
33.40 a
29.50 a
T4= 80 mm. of irrigation
32.97 a
32.40 ab
31.63 a
32.33 a
T5= 100 mm. of irrigation
32.07 a
32.76 a
V-Mean
31.87 a
31.34 a
31.80 a
F-test *
Materials and Methods
Experimental site
The Field experiment was located at Chachoengsao province Thailand (13ํ 10่ - 13ํ 59่ N latitude ; 100ํ 50่ – 102ํ 1่ E longtitude), successive annual growing seasons October 2009 to September 2011 at the Khao Hin Son Research Station of Kasetsart University, Phanomsarakam, Chachoengsao, Thailand. The soil texture was loamy sand with Bulk density at 1.67 (Moderately high) and Saturated hydraulic at 1.12 (Moderate).
Methods
Experimental are Split plot in Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. Main plot, the rate of irrigation during the dry season. (January -April) including ; T1) rainfall (the natural) at the age of 2-10 months after planting. T2 ) 40 mm. T3) 60 mm. T4 ) 80 mm. T5 ) 100 mm. of irrigation /plant/month (3times) at the age of 2-4 months after planting. Subplots consisted of cassava varieties were Kasetsart 50 Huay Bong 60 and Huay Bong 80. Weed was controlled twice with one month and two month after planting by herbicide and hand tool.
Conclusion
In the cultivar, KU 50 gave the highest fresh stem weight, fresh lower stems weight, fresh root yield, root number and percent of root starch content, while HB 80 tended to give higher fresh leaves weight.
Five water treatments showed no significant effect on growth and yield.
3. KU 50 cultivar tended to give higher fresh root yield than HB 60 and HB 80 cultivar. Three cassava cultivars showed no differences in root starch content.
Acknowledges ใ
This project was financially supported by
Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute (KURDI).