1. Good Afternoon Turn in Timelines Update Table of Contents
Update Homework
Take out a sheet of paper

2. The United States Constitution
APUSH

3. Adoption of the Constitution
Method of Ratification
The Constitution would go into effect when ratified by 9 out of 13 states

4. Adoption of the Constitution
Debate over Ratification
Federalists
Antifederalists
Bill of Rights
The debate over ratification would split the political leaders of the time
The debate over ratification of the Constitution would take place on the pages of the many newspapers and pamphlets that circulated in the country
Federalists – supporters of the Constitution
Antifederalists – opponents of the Constitution, they called for a Bill of Rights to be added to the Constitution
Bill of Rights – the first 10 amendments to the Constitution which ensures certain rights and liberties to the people

5. Property owners, creditors, merchants
Federalists
Antifederalists
Who were they?
Property owners, creditors, merchants
Small farmers, frontiersmen, debtors, shopkeepers
What did they believe?
Elites are best fit to govern and that “excessive democracy” is dangerous
Government should be close to the people and power in the hands of the elite is dangerous
What system did they favor?
Strong national government, only elites should obtain governmental power
Strong state governments and protection of individual rights
Who were the leaders?
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison,
John Jay,
George Washington
Patrick Henry, George Mason,
Thomas Paine
The Federalists wanted to push the ratification of the Constitution and to influence future interpretations of the Constitution
Antifederalists argued that although the Articles of Confederation needed to be improved, the proposed Constitution granted too much power to the national government

6. Reasons for Success of the Federalists
Effective Organization
Voting Qualification
The Federalist Papers
Influential Supporters
The Federalists, was a series of eighty-five articles written and published between September 1787 and August 1788
The articles presented arguments in favor of the new Constitution
Although all of the articles are signed Publius, it was well known the main authors were Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay
Hamilton wrote the first essay in response to a series of Antifederalist articles criticizing the Constitution

7. Adoption of the Constitution
Process of Ratification
Each state held its own Constitutional Convention
DE, NJ, & GA ratified the Constitution quickly
MA ratified the Constitution by a vote of 187 to 168
VA ratified the Constitution by a vote of 89 to 79
NY ratified the Constitution by a vote of 30 to 27
Both sides in the debate between the Federalists and Antifederalists won
The Federalists won when the Constitution finally was ratified and became the law of the land
The Constitution established the federal government as the central authority
The Antifederalists won because the Bill of Rights would guarantee the rights of citizens

8. 3 Branches of government

9. Legislative Branch House of Representatives
Representatives serve 2 years
Representatives must be 25
HR can propose tax laws
HR can impeach President

10. Legislative Branch Senate Senators serve 6 years Senators must be 30
Approve presidential appt.
Ratify treaties with other nations
Try the President after impeachment

11. Legislative Branch Congress Make laws Can declare war
Can override President veto with a 2/3 vote
Regulates interstate commerce
Establishes lower-court system

12. Executive Branch President Serves 4 years
Must be 35 years old, 14 year resident and native born
Has power to approve or veto laws
President serves a four year term and can be elected to two terms
President must be a natural-born citizen of the United States (can be born abroad of parents who are American citizens)
President must be a resident of the United States for at least 14 years but not necessarily the fourteen years preceding the election)
Benefits of the President
- lives in the White House
- $400,000 per year salary
- $50,000 per year expense account
- $100,000 per year for travel expenses
- a personal jetliner – Air Force One
- a place in the country – Camp David

13. Executive Branch President Enforces laws Commander in Chief
Appoints cabinet members, Supreme Court justices, and federal court judges
Pardons those convicted in federal court

14. Judicial Branch Supreme Court Serve for life Interprets laws
Reviews lower-court decisions
Decides constitutionality of laws
Decides cases involving disputes between states
There are 9 justices – one Chief Justice and eight associate justices
The Judiciary Act of 1789 established the Supreme Court and it originally had only five associate justices, it also created a system of lower district courts around the country
The President nominates Supreme Court justices, court of appeals judges, and district court judges and the Senate confirms them
The Senate Judiciary Committee conducts confirmation hearings for each nominee
The Constitution sets forth no specific requirements. However, members of Congress, who typically recommend potential nominees, and the Department of Justice, which reviews nominees’ qualifications, have developed their own informal criteria