1. Skeletal System
Unit 4

2. Skeletal System Functions
Protection*
Support*
Movement
Calcium Store
Make Blood
*Not possible without Calcium, bones would be too brittle!

3. Tiny Tidbits There are 206 bones in the body
Largest bone is the femur (thigh bone)
Smallest bones in the ear
Incus
Malleus
Stapes
Marrow: creates blood stem cells that make all formed units in the blood (in the core of long bones)
Suture: type of joint that only occurs in the skull
Unfused at birth (“soft spots”), allows for some movement

5. Bone Marrow Location and Donation
Bone marrow donation is one of two methods of collecting blood forming cells for bone marrow transplants. Bone marrow donation is a surgical procedure that takes place in a hospital operating room. Doctors use needles to withdraw liquid marrow (where the body’s blood-forming cells are made) from both sides of the back of your pelvic bone. You will be given anesthesia and feel no pain during the donation. After donation, your liquid marrow is transported to the patient’s location for transplant.

6. Sutures Infant to Adult
The skeleton of a newborn infant contains around 300 separate parts.
All bones start out as cartilage and turn into bone through a process known as ossification.
This process is usually still underway at birth, so an infant skeleton is composed of both bone and cartilage

7. 4 Types of Bones in the Body
Long-longer than wide
Ex: Arm/Leg
Short- Roughly cube shaped
Ex: Tarsals/Metatarsals
Flat –thin, generally curved
Ex: Sternum/Ribs
Irregular-complicated
shape, specified for fxn
Ex: Skull/Vertebrae

9. Short Bones

10. Flat Bone : Sternum,Skull

11. Irregular Bones

12. Bone Structure Epiphysis: rounded end of a long bone
Diaphysis: long midsection of a long bone
Haversian Canal: series of tubes that surround blood vessels and nerves in compact bone
Periosteum is a tough fibrous membrane that surrounds the outside of bones 
Compact Bone is the firmer outer layer of bone tissue, contains calcium matrix
Spongy Bone is softer, more porous inner bone tissue 
Compact Vs. Spongy

13. Haversian Canals

14. Histology-Bone Slide

16. Axial Skeleton: consists of head and trunk, total of 80 bones
Appendicular Skeleton: used for locomotion and manipulation of objects, 126 bones

18. Skull/Cranium Parietal Bone Frontal Bone Zygomatic Bone Occipital Bone
Maxilla
Temporal Bone
Mandible

19. Skull Sutures

20. Pelvic Girdle
Iliac Crest
Hip Joint

21. Pelvis with Ligaments

22. Bones and Age
Cells in the bones will continually break down and create new bone as we age and our bodies change.
“Remodeling” of bones is meant to resist fractures as we age, but also can lead to osteoporosis over time with poor nutrition
Video
TERMS
Osteoclast
Osteoblast
Osteocyte