1. Torque
Is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis, fulcrum, or pivot Torque = the force applied, the length of the lever arm connecting the axis to the point of force application, and the angle between the force vector and the lever arm

2. In a golf context……
This works with the extension of the arm in the golf. The more the arm is extended, the greater the length of the moment arm and the lever, which in turn puts more acceleration on the club head and more power on the ball.

3. Continued….
In the golf the rotation of the arm, the club, the torso and the legs, create torque. This torque contributes to the angular velocity of the club head, which creates the acceleration on the ball and has a dramatic effect on the force emitted on the ball.

4. Gravitational Potential Energy
is energy an object possesses because of its position in a gravitational field. We can use this in many sports to create more energy and apply that to an object. In the backswing the golf club is creating gravitational potential energy as it lifts back against gravity and is then released and aided by gravity on the down swing.

5. In a golf context…..
As a club gets lighter (ie a wood is lighter than a short iron), the backswing should get slightly longer. This is because as the weight of the longer (wood) club is the least, it needs to climb a little higher in order to be pulled down effectively by gravity.