1. Constellations

2. Patterns in the Night Sky
Constellation:
A group of _________ that seem to form a distinctive _________________ in the sky.
The stars look close to each other, but may actually be _______________ apart!
Light-year (ly):
A unit of __________________.
Represents the distance that light travels in one _______.
Light travels at _______________ km/s.
One light-year is about __________________ km.

3. Solve these problems:
Polaris, also known as the North Star, is 400 ly from Earth. Calculate the distance from Polaris to Earth in kilometers.
Calculate how long it takes light to travel from Polaris to Earth in seconds.

4. Solve these problems:
Calculate how long it takes light to travel from Polaris to Earth in
a) Minutes b) Hours
c) Days d) Years

5. Notice: Constellations look very different from earth than they do in space! This is Cassiopeia as it appears from Earth as well as how its stars appear to be unrelated in space.

6. Apparent Magnitude Star Map: Apparent Magnitude:
A diagram that shows constellations and individual stars.
Larger the dot, the ___________ the star.
Apparent Magnitude:
A star’s brightness as seen from Earth.
Affected by two factors:
Actual ______________ of star
________________ from Earth

7. Names of Constellations
The International Astronomical Union (IAU):
Union responsible for naming and classifying _________________ objects.
Lists 88 official _____________________.
Many of the constellation names, especially in the _______________ _______________, are ancient _____________ and _____________ names that represent _____________________ figures.
Example: Cassiopeia is Greek for Seated Queen.
Example: Capricornus is Latin for sea goat.

8. The Big Dipper
Different cultures interpret the same constellations in different ways. For example, the Big Dipper!
Ancient Chinese: Chariot for the emperor of the heavens.
Early Egyptians: Thigh & Leg of a bull
North American Aboriginals: bowl is a bear
Snohomish: three hunters chasing four elk

9. Polaris & The Pointer Stars
Big Dipper’s two end stars are called the __________ ___________ because they point towards ______________ (the ____________ __________).
For thousands of years, long before the invention of the ________________, people in the northern hemisphere used Polaris to tell ________________.
Earth’s _______________ _____________ points to Polaris.
As Earth rotates, Polaris does not appear to move.
If you can see Polaris, you know which way is north – then you can determine east, south, and west.

10. Viewing Different Constellations
Due to Earth’s revolution around the _______, you see different _______________ in the evening sky at __________________ times of the year.

11. The constellations that you can see also depend on your ________________. As you move ______________, constellations along the southern horizon slip below the horizon so you cannot see them.
Latitude:
The location above or below the equator.

12. Homework
Page 282 #1 (look up the word asterism), #2-7, #8 (use figure 7.8 as inspiration).
Do the following activity:
Download the Sky Map App.
Find Polaris on the sky map, and if possible (and only safely, with an adult), go outside and try to find Polaris in the actual night sky. Does the sky map match up to what you actually see? _________________
List 5 constellations or stars that you can see on the sky map that surround Polaris. ____________, ___________, _____________, _________________, ________________.
Can you find any planets on the sky map? If yes, which ones? _________________________________________.