1. TOPIC 14 GENETICS

2. What is genetics?

3. What is genetics?
Genetics is the study of heredity

4. Okay, then what is heredity?

5. Okay, then what is heredity?
Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring

6. Oh, then what are traits?

7. Oh, then what are traits?
Traits are the characteristics of an organism

8. Well, what gives an organism its traits?

9. Traits are determined by the genes

10. Traits are determined by the genes
Traits are determined by the genes. Genes are stored in the chromosomes of the DNA

11. Traits are determined by the genes
Traits are determined by the genes. Genes are stored in the chromosomes of the DNA. DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell

12. Oh, we forgot to talk about something…how do mitosis and meiosis differ?

13. How do mitosis and meiosis differ?
Mitosis is cellular division of a parent cell leading to an exact replication of a daughter cell

14. How do mitosis and meiosis differ?
Meiosis is cellular division of a parent cell leading to two new daughter cells with exactly half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

15. Now back to the genes…how do genes function?

16. Now back to the genes…how do genes function?
No! Not these.

17. How do genes function?
These

18. So, what do we need to know about how genes function
So, what do we need to know about how genes function? Here are 3 points to know:

19. So what do we need to know about how genes function
So what do we need to know about how genes function? Here are 3 points to know:
1. There are four nucleotides that make up genes.

20. So what do we need to know about how genes function
So what do we need to know about how genes function? Here are 3 points to know:
1. There are four nucleotides that make up genes.
2. Three nucleotides join together to form a codon.

21. So what do we need to know about how genes function
So what do we need to know about how genes function? Here are 3 points to know:
1. There are four nucleotides that make up genes.
2. Three nucleotides join together to form a codon.
3. Codons are then grouped together to form a gene.

22. Do you remember what DNA is?

23. Do you remember what DNA is?
It is…
Deoxyribonucleic Acid

24. Do you remember what DNA is?
It was discovered by…
Guys named Watson and Crick

25. Do you remember what DNA is?
What it does…
DNA carries the genetic information of an organism

26. We mentioned nucleotides before, just what are they?

27. We mentioned nucleotides before, just what are they?
They are the basic building blocks of DNA

28. We mentioned nucleotides before, just what are they?
They are the basic building blocks of DNA
Made of sugar and phosphate: sides of ladder

29. We mentioned nucleotides before, just what are they?
They are the basic building blocks of DNA
Made of sugar and phosphate: sides of ladder Made of four bases: the rings of the ladder

30. Genes replicate by:
1. The DNA unzips into
two parts.

31. Genes replicate by: 1. The DNA unzips into two parts.
2. Nucleotides in the
cell’s cytoplasm pair
up with their
counterparts on the
1/2 strands of DNA

32. Genes replicate by: 1. The DNA unzips into two parts.
2. Nucleotides in the
cell’s cytoplasm pair
up with their
counterparts on the
1/2 strands of DNA
3. Adenine pairs up with
thymine, cytosine
pairs up with guanine

33. Genes replicate by: 1. The DNA unzips into two parts.
2. Nucleotides in the
cell’s cytoplasm pair
up with their
counterparts on the
1/2 strands of DNA
3. Adenine pairs up with
thymine, cytosine
pairs up with guanine
4. The strands re-zip
together forming two
new DNA strands

34. The problem with genes being needed to make proteins, but proteins needed to make genes