Kathleen R. Murray, Robert W. Fitzpatrick, Ralph S

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1 Soil transference patterns on bras: Image processing and laboratory dragging experiments 
Kathleen R. Murray, Robert W. Fitzpatrick, Ralph S. Bottrill, Ron Berry, Hilton Kobus  Forensic Science International  Volume 258, Pages (January 2016) DOI: /j.forsciint Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

2 Fig. 1 Soil map showing purple-shaded Anthroposols, which dominate the Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens (green cross-hatched area) with minor Dermosols (modified from ASRIS database [32,33] and inset showing the location of Hobart). Forensic Science International  , DOI: ( /j.forsciint ) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

3 Fig. 2 Aerial photograph showing the distribution of seven soil samples used in STEs, taken from RTBG, Lower Domain Rd, Queens Domain, Hobart. (i) 2 soils taken from Rose Garden Path; (ii) 1 soil taken from lawn at base of Rose Garden Wall; (iii) 1 soil taken from Rose Garden bed; (iv) 1 soil taken from Japanese Garden; (v) 2 soils taken from top two horizons of one soil profile at the Southern fence, Eastern section. Forensic Science International  , DOI: ( /j.forsciint ) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

4 Fig. 3 Photograph (1) and cross-section (2) of weighted bra dragged from right to left over soil material during a three second count Soil Transference Experiment (STE). Sections of bra not currently tested for dragging over soil remained clean inside the plastic bag on top. The glass dish containing soil was on a nonslip mat with a backstop of weights on the left to prevent movement during the STE. Forensic Science International  , DOI: ( /j.forsciint ) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

5 Fig. 4 Trace soil patterns using the transfer method of dragging weighted fabric for a three second count across a soil bed containing either wet or dry soil (Direction of movement=right to left). (1) DRY Natural loamy soil (Soil 7: underlying mineral soil) (2) WET natural loamy soil (Soil 7: underlying mineral soil) (3) DRY anthropogenic, organic-rich sandy loam soil (Soil 4: Rose garden bed) (4) WET Anthropogenic, organic-rich sandy loam soil (Soil 4: Rose garden bed). Forensic Science International  , DOI: ( /j.forsciint ) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

6 Fig. 5 Photomicrographs of trace soil patterns using the transfer method of dragging weighted fabric for a three second count across a soil bed containing either wet or dry soil. (1) WET Anthropogenic, quartz-rich gravelly sandy soil (Soil 5: Japanese garden bed) (2) WET natural organic-rich soil (Soil 6: surface natural organic-rich leaves). Forensic Science International  , DOI: ( /j.forsciint ) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

7 Fig. 6 Munsell soil colour ranges recognised by image processing software from Soil 1 (Rose Garden Path) and Soil 2 (Rose Garden Path near wall) transferred onto fabric when dry and wet. Numerical data from three digital photographs are combined in each graph. Forensic Science International  , DOI: ( /j.forsciint ) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

8 Fig. 7 Rose diagrams of the directionality of dry and wet soil transferred onto fabric. Strong uni-modal directionality was produced when fabric was dragged right to left across soil. Dry soil particles more than set soil tended to gather against the middle seam, creating more bi-modal directionality. Forensic Science International  , DOI: ( /j.forsciint ) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

9 Fig. 8 Quantity of soil transferred to fabric, analysed by number of pixels in digital photographs that contained individual or aggregate soil objects. Image processing numerical data is subdivided by location and soil moisture content [26]. Forensic Science International  , DOI: ( /j.forsciint ) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

10 Forensic Science International 2016 258, 88-100DOI: (10. 1016/j
Forensic Science International  , DOI: ( /j.forsciint ) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions


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