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Table 1 Groups of subjects in a study of the association between antibiotic use and colonization with resistant pneumococci. From: Measuring and Interpreting.

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Presentation on theme: "Table 1 Groups of subjects in a study of the association between antibiotic use and colonization with resistant pneumococci. From: Measuring and Interpreting."— Presentation transcript:

1 Table 1 Groups of subjects in a study of the association between antibiotic use and colonization with resistant pneumococci. From: Measuring and Interpreting Associations between Antibiotic Use and Penicillin Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32(7): doi: /319604 Clin Infect Dis | © 2001 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2 Figure 1 Structure of a simple model for analysis of an antibiotic treatment trial in a population exposed to colonization by both resistant and susceptible pneumococci. Left, Before treatment, susceptible patients (X) are colonized by penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant pneumococci at rates of λ<sub>S</sub> and λ<sub>R</sub>, respectively. Colonization is lost at rates of μ<sub>S</sub> and μ<sub>R</sub>, respectively. These processes are described by equation [1] in the text. Right, Treatment clears carriage of susceptible bacteria with probability p<sub>SX</sub>, clears carriage of resistant bacteria with probability p<sub>RX</sub>, and transfers patients from primarily carrying susceptible bacteria to primarily carrying resistant bacteria with probability p<sub>SR</sub>. These processes are described by equation [2] in the text. At the end of treatment, patients are again exposed to the processes of colonization and loss at their pretreatment rates. X, noncarriers of Streptococcus pneumoniae;S, carriers of penicillin-susceptible pneumococci; R, carriers of penicillin-resistant pneumococci; arrows, transitions between categories. See table 2 for a list of parameter values for this illustrative model. From: Measuring and Interpreting Associations between Antibiotic Use and Penicillin Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32(7): doi: /319604 Clin Infect Dis | © 2001 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

3 Figure 2 Time course of a hypothetical study of the effect of an antibiotic treatment on carriage. Top, Proportions of the subjects in the trial who had carriage of resistant (thick line) or susceptible (thin line) pneumococci. Bottom, The 2 measures of association between treatment and resistance—simple OR (thick line) and conditional OR (thin line)—at various times after treatment. Parameters are the same as those shown in table 2. From: Measuring and Interpreting Associations between Antibiotic Use and Penicillin Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32(7): doi: /319604 Clin Infect Dis | © 2001 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

4 Table 2 Parameter values for the illustrative model shown in figure 1.
From: Measuring and Interpreting Associations between Antibiotic Use and Penicillin Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32(7): doi: /319604 Clin Infect Dis | © 2001 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

5 Table 3 Stratification of patients in a treatment study, according to pneumococcal carriage status before treatment. From: Measuring and Interpreting Associations between Antibiotic Use and Penicillin Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32(7): doi: /319604 Clin Infect Dis | © 2001 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

6 Table 4 Studies of the association between antibiotic use and penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococcal infection. From: Measuring and Interpreting Associations between Antibiotic Use and Penicillin Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32(7): doi: /319604 Clin Infect Dis | © 2001 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

7 Table 5 Studies of the association between antibiotic use and penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococcal carriage. From: Measuring and Interpreting Associations between Antibiotic Use and Penicillin Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32(7): doi: /319604 Clin Infect Dis | © 2001 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

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