1. By: Adam, Ben, Nick, Zeeshan & Cameron
Art & Architecture
By: Adam, Ben, Nick, Zeeshan & Cameron

2. Topics
Pyramids
Tombs
Paintings
Pottery
Sculptures

3. Introduction
Throughout history Egyptian art and architecture became more and more advanced.
Religion was the catalyst behind most of the advancements.
Purpose of art & architecture was to portray and immortalize one’s existence.

4. Pyramids Pre Dynastic Era Early Dynasty Art & Architecture Art
No pyramids at this time in history
Early Dynasty
Art
No Pyramids
Architecture
Mastabas first appear, constructed with mud bricks.
Placed on top of grave

5. Pyramids Cont’d Old Kingdom Art Architecture
Intricate carvings on the surface of the Mastaba
Architecture
Stone is first used in construction
Step Pyramid of Djoser first example of a pyramid
Series of smaller Mastabas stacked on top of each other
Imhotep is accredited for its conception

6. Pyramids Cont’d The Bent Pyramid has angles of 43 degrees
Angle modified from 60 to 43
Retained its casing stone
Limestone used for flexibility
2 entrances (One North & one south)
Pyramids of Giza made of stone
Not exactly known how they were made. Cause for much speculation

7. Pyramids Cont’d New Kingdom Art & Architecture
Abandoned Pyramids in favor of tombs in the Valley of the Kings.

8. Tombs Pre Dynastic Era Early Dynasty Art Architecture No art in tombs
No tombs only shallow graves
Early Dynasty
Artistic standard set at this point in history
Mastabas were used at this point.

9. Tombs Cont’d Old Kingdom Art Architecture
Limestone reliefs carved intricately used in tombs
Reliefs depicting the person’s life placed in tomb
Art within the “Snefurunian” pyamids was minimal
Architecture
Limestone load bearing columns implemented
Step pyramid had over 6km of subterranean passageways

10. Tombs Cont’d Middle Kingdom Art & Architecture
Pyramids created by Sneferu all had square floor plans with burial chamber in the middle
Giza Plateau Pyramids all similar to Sneferu pyramids, only much bigger and elaborately designed.
Middle Kingdom
Art & Architecture
Not much innovation

11. Tombs Cont’d New Kingdom Art Architecture
Tombs covered in religious texts and reliefs
Architecture
Egyptian abandoned pyramids
Underground tombs hidden in the cliff face and in valleys soon became the preferred structure
Over time tombs accumulated in a certain area creating the Valley of the Kings
Started of with tombs with one or two passageways
By the end of the New kingdom the tombs had over 100 chambers and passageways
Tombs painstakingly carved out of bed rock.

12. Paintings
Paintings managed to survive due to the dry climate of the Sahara Desert.
Paintings were often about passing on to the afterlife or about their protective deities.
Tomb paintings often showed what the buried has done in their life.
Wall murals were a common form of decoration in ancient Egyptian buildings.
Large-scale paintings were the result of teamwork, with each person specializing in one aspect of the process.

13. Paintings Cont’d
Common colors for Egyptian paintings are red, blue, black, gold, and green.
Relief paintings are when the artists carves into rock to give it a feel and texture.

14. Paintings Cont’d Pre Dynastic Era Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom
Monumental treatment was given to designs like those drawn in red on buff-colored pottery from Hieraconpolis
Old Kingdom
Unity of style was formed and had a different appearance to the predynastic art.
Middle Kingdom
The art style developed a little bit from the Old Kingdom, but wasn't exactly unified and perfect till later.

15. Paintings Cont’d New Kingdom
Can be viewed as final stage in art development of Egypt.
Paintings are noted for their boldness of design and vitality.
Later New Kingdom had art style that reflected naturalistic tendencies and a new sense of life
A little later than that, the  New Kingdom had a new art style similar to how it started out, but the vitality in them were lost.
By the time the Syrians invaded, art declined, but metalworking increased

16. Pottery Pottery was first used to store things for egyptians
Pottery was used to store food and drink
Most pottery was made of reddish brown clay
Pottery was used to bury body parts of the dead
Pottery would sometimes represent the interior part of the body such as the lungs
Egyptians used nile clay and marl clay

17. Pottery Cont’d
Canopic jars were used during the mummification process to store body parts
Imsety the human headed god stored the liver
Hapy the baboon headed god looked after the lungs
Duamutef the jackal headed god looks after the stomach
Qebehsenuef  the falcon headed god looks after the intestines

18. Sculptures Pre Dynasty Egypt Old Kingdom Terracotta (clay) sculptures
Rudimentary designs
Old Kingdom
Sculpting main art form, using sunk relief
Mainly placed in tombs and temples
Ka statues used as resting place for soul
Ushabtis placed in graves and tombs
Colossal sculptures built during this time

19. Sculptures Cont’d Middle Kingdom New Kingdom
Block statues were made popular for 2000 years
Sculptures become more realistic
New Kingdom
Amarna art begins
Sculptures reflect nobility and detail
Tries to reclaim old art form, sculptures are repetitive

20. Sculptures Cont’d Techniques and Guidelines
Statues used “Sunk Relief” technique
Males were darker than females
Class was represented by colour
All gods had specific features
Art was ranked according to how it followed the conventions and guidelines
Egyptians tried to keep the same art style, to have a timeless appearance