1. Key to the Age of the Earth
Dinosaurs
Key to the Age of the Earth
Mike Riddle

2. The Common Story
Dinosaurs evolved into existence 220 million years ago and became extinct 65 million years ago, long before man evolved.
This story is accepted by virtually all evolutionists and many Christians.
Great claims require real evidence

3. How do you fit dinosaurs into the Bible?
Challenge
How do you fit dinosaurs into the Bible?
Holy Bible

4. Land animals and people
Day 1
Earth and light
Day 2
Atmosphere
Day 3
Dry land, seas, plants, fruit, trees
Day 4
Sun, moon, stars
Day 5
Fish, sea creatures, and birds
Day 6
Land animals and people
(Adam and Eve)

5. Are these land animals?

6. Were these land animals?
Are these land animals?

7. Dinosaurs and people lived at the same time

8. Dinosaurs and the Bible
Job 40:15-18
Behold now behemoth, which I made with thee; he eateth grass as an ox.
He moveth his tail like a cedar
 His bones are as strong pieces of brass; his bones are like bars of iron.
He is the chief of the ways of God:

10. A Critical Question How do scientists use geology to determine time?
This is how evolutionists support evolution

11. Words Stratigraphy: “graphy” = process of writing
Lithostratigraphic: “Litho” = rock
Chronostratigraphic: “Chrono” = time
This is how evolutionists support evolution
Biostratigraphic: “bio” = life

12. Geology and Time Layered strata
Geologists use the different layers of strata as the key to measure time.
Layered strata
A major problem: A Time Bomb!
The time scale is about the sequential ordering of a chronology of the past.
Arranging any group of objects in a specific order requires a key.
Chronology - Timetable
Key possibilities
layering
Types of rocks
fossils
The key must contain something in common with all the pieces to be able to unite them into a common group
For example: geometric shapes can be classified by number of sides (triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, etc
They are all geometric shapes = commonality, but each has a different number of sides (something different

13. Geologic Time Scale 2012
Newsletter on Stratigraphy, July 2012, “On Geologic Time Scale”
Felix M. Gradstein (Past Chair – International Commission on Stratigraphy)
James G. Ogg (Past Secretary General – ICS)
Frits J. Hilgen (Chair – Subcommision on Neogene Stratigraphy of ICS)
Newsletters on Stratigraphy, Vol.45/2, 171–188, July 2012
“On Geologic Time Scale”
“Graphy” = process of writing down/recording
Word origin: “graphy” = process of writing

14. Geologic Time Scale 2012
“Continual improvements in data coverage, methodology, and standardization of chronostratigraphic units imply that no geologic time scale can be final.”
“chrono” = time
Page 186
“chrono” = time
Newsletter on Stratigraphy, Vol. 45/2, 171–188, July 2012, “On Geologic Time Scale”

15. R. R. Lemon, Ph.D., Principles of Stratigraphy, 1991, pp. vii-viii.
“It [stratigraphy] provides the means of piecing together a calendar so that world geologic records can be brought together into a coherent whole… . Modern stratigraphy would be impossible without biostratigraphic [fossil] control… .”
“bio” = life

16. Fossils and Time U.S. Geological Survey
“Keyed to the relative time scale are examples of index fossils, the forms of life which existed during limited periods of geologic time and thus are used as guides to the age of the rocks in which they are preserved.”
USGS
Two scales are used to date these episodes and to measure the age of the Earth: a relative time scale, based on the sequence of layering of the rocks and the evolution of life, and the radiometric time scale, based on the natural radioactivity of chemical elements in some of the rocks. An explanation of the relative scale highlights events in the growth of geologic science itself; the radiometric scale is a more recent development borrowed from the physical sciences and applied to geologic problems.

17. Geology and Time How Accurate? Fossils Radiometric Dating Precambrian
Ediacaran
Fossils
How Accurate?
If we could shown that the fossils are not accurate indicators of time then the whole system of geological timeline as well as radiometric dates are false.
Fossils and dating (biostratigraphy)
Radiometric dating and geology
Debunking geology and “deep time”
Radiometric Dating

18. Fossils and Time 4 Critical Problems
Invalid reasoning
Living fossils
Out of place fossils
Dinosaurs
USGS
Two scales are used to date these episodes and to measure the age of the Earth: a relative time scale, based on the sequence of layering of the rocks and the evolution of life, and the radiometric time scale, based on the natural radioactivity of chemical elements in some of the rocks. An explanation of the relative scale highlights events in the growth of geologic science itself; the radiometric scale is a more recent development borrowed from the physical sciences and applied to geologic problems.

19. 1 Dating Rocks Circular How do you know the age of the rock layer?
By the index fossils found in the layer.
How do you know the age of the fossil?
By the layers they are found in.

20. 2 Living Fossils Coelacanth fish No change in 80 million years
Elephant Sharks
No change in 420 million years
Coined by Charles Darwin, the term “living fossils” is used to describe living creatures that have stood the test of time — hardy and resilient organisms that have remained largely unchanged for millions of years.
We used to think that coelacanths went extinct around the same time as the dinosaurs, about 65 million years ago. But their “re-discovery” in 1938 off the coast of South Africa reset our notions of how durable some species truly are. Coelacanths have been traced as far back as 80 million years ago,
Crocodiles
No change in 90 million years

21. Living Fossils Horseshoe Crab No change in 450 million years Nautilus
Coined by Charles Darwin, the term “living fossils” is used to describe living creatures that have stood the test of time — hardy and resilient organisms that have remained largely unchanged for millions of years.
We used to think that coelacanths went extinct around the same time as the dinosaurs, about 65 million years ago. But their “re-discovery” in 1938 off the coast of South Africa reset our notions of how durable some species truly are. Coelacanths have been traced as far back as 80 million years ago,

22. Living Fossils Tuatara Reptile No change in 200 million years
Scorpions
No change in 360 million years

23. Living Fossils Jellyfish No change in 500 million years
Huntsman Spider
No change in 50 million years

24. Living Fossils Dragon Flies No change in 230 million years
Wollemi pine
No change in 150 million years

25. Living Fossils Bats No change in 52 million years Starfish

26. Out of Place Fossils 3
A rock layer designated for a specific time period often contains fossils from different time periods.
Examples
Flowering plants
Birds
Dinosaurs
Mammals
Bees
Anomalocaris, a characteristically “Cambrian” creature, has been found in Ordovician rocks.
150 myo squid. The squid even contained an ink sac so fresh that the ink could be used to paint a picture.

27. Out of Place Fossils
Michael Oard (M.S. Atmospheric Science, Researcher in Earth Science)
“You may be surprised to learn that fossils are being found in the wrong place all the time.”
“You may be surprised to learn that fossils are being found “in the wrong place” all the time. Out of place, that is, compared with the areas, or ranges, shown for them on the geological column.”
Michael Oard (M.S. Atmospheric Science, Researcher in Earth Science), “Are fossils ever found in the wrong place?”,

28. Fossil Squid: Out-of-Place
A 150 million year old fossil squid was discovered that contained a fresh ink sac.
Drawing from the ink
Anomalocaris, a characteristically “Cambrian” creature, has been found in Ordovician rocks.
150 myo squid. The squid even contained an ink sac so fresh that the ink could be used to paint a picture.
But despite the vast passage of time, experts who unearthed the fossilised remains were able to extract ink from its perfectly-preserved sac and use it to paint a picture of the ancient animal.
Head

29. Conclusion: Living Fossils
What is found
No change in fossils
Many out-of-place fossils
How can index fossils be trusted as a true indicator of time?
On Vancouver Island, just off the west coast of Canada, in the late 1990s, a paleontologist found a sponge, which he called Nucha vancouverensis, claiming it was a new species.4,5 It was buried in rocks classified on the geologic column as Upper Triassic, which are supposedly some 220 million years old. Surprisingly, this sponge is virtually identical to one previously found in western New South Wales, Australia, named Nucha naucum, from Middle Cambrian rocks, supposedly 520 million years old.6 But why wasn’t it found in any strata from those 300 million intervening years? The Nucha from Vancouver has greatly extended the range for this particular fossil upward in the geological column.

30. If evolution is true we should see some amazing transitions

31. Bird-Fish

32. Cat- Bird

33. Land Shark

34. Tiger-Bunny

35. Hot-Dog

36. Cat-Duck

37. Tiger-Deer

38. Cat-Cow

39. Grumpy-Fuzzball

40. 4 Dinosaurs and Time Dinosaurs are dated by the rock layers.
Dinosaurs are claimed to have lived from 65 to 220 million years ago.
Dinosaurs are used as a classic proof of evolution.

41. Evidence
If there is evidence that dinosaurs lived only a few thousand years ago then the assumptions and methods used to date these fossils are not correct.

42. Red blood cells, fibrous tissue, blood vessels
T-rex Discovery
Elastic tissue
Fresh tissue
Soft fibrous tissue
Red blood cells, fibrous tissue, blood vessels
One description of a portion of the tissue was that it is “flexible and resilient and when stretched returns to its original shape”.
The exciting discovery was apparently made when researchers were forced to break open the leg bone of a Tyrannosaurus rex fossil to lift it by helicopter. The bone was still largely hollow and not filled up with minerals as is usual. Dr Schweitzer used chemicals to dissolve the bony matrix, revealing the soft tissue still present
03:31 PM Mar. 24, 2005 PT
WASHINGTON -- For more than a century, the study of dinosaurs has been limited to fossilized bones. Now, researchers have recovered 70-million-year-old soft tissue, including what may be blood vessels and cells, from a Tyrannosaurus rex.
The soft tissues were recovered from the thighbone of a T. rex, known as MOR 1125, that was found in a sandstone formation in Montana. The dinosaur was about 18 years old when it died.
Yet another hadrosaur has been described by UK scientists as "absolutely gobsmacking."8 Its tissues were "extremely well preserved" and contained "soft-tissue replacement structures and associated organic compounds.“
The soft tissue, including blood vessel walls, are composed of protein. Biochemicals such as proteins are notoriously unstable and breakdown rapidly. These biochemicals have short duration spans in almost any imaginable environment.

43. T-rex Tissue Blood vessels
Question: Could the T-rex have died out 65 million years ago? NO!
Blood vessels
Microscopic structures squeezed out of blood vessels

44. Dinosaur Soft Tissue
Rachel Nuwer, smithsonian.com, June 9, 2015
Tyrannosaurs, Hadrosaurs, Titanosaurs, Triceratops, Psittacosaurs, Sinosauropteryx, and other animals
“Dinosaur Soft Tissue Recovered From Eight Cretaceous-Era Fossils:
New sampling methods yielded cells and fibers from relatively ordinary fossils.”
"To find remnants of proteins in the embryos is really remarkable, particularly since these specimens are over 100 million years older than other fossils containing similar organic material.

45. In 2012 scientists discovered dinosaur DNA
Facts about DNA
DNA is a fragile molecule and breaks down quickly (half-life of 521 years).
DNA stability suggests it could last only thousands of years.
The preservation of dinosaur DNA contradicts evolution.
By comparing the specimens' ages and degrees of DNA degradation, the researchers calculated that DNA has a half-life of 521 years. That means that after 521 years, half of the bonds between nucleotides in the backbone of a sample would have broken; after another 521 years half of the remaining bonds would have gone; and so on.
At this rate, DNA molecules in bone break down after only 10,000 years into tiny chemical segments too short for modern technology to sequence. And this result assumes preservation factors that optimize biochemical longevity.
DNA could not last half a million years, but paleontologists describe DNA in samples designated millions of years old. Ditching the millions-of-years dogma would resolve this dilemma. The clearly detected dinosaur proteins and what looks like dinosaur DNA make sense if the earth layers that contain them were deposited by Noah’s Flood only thousands of years ago.

46. Dating Dinosaurs
American Geophysical Union and the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society, Aug, 2012
Carbon-14 (C-14) dating of multiple samples of bone from 8 dinosaurs from Texas, Alaska, Colorado, and Montana revealed that they are only 22,000 to 39,000 years old.
After the AOGS-AGU conference in Singapore, the abstract was removed from the conference website by two chairmen because they could not accept the findings. Unwilling to challenge the data openly, they erased the report from public view without a word to the authors or even to the AOGS officers, until after an investigation.
A Triceratops horn discovered in Montana has recently been dated to 33,500 years

47. The bones were dated from 10,000-16,000 years old.
Carbon-14 and Dinosaurs
In June 1990, two dinosaur bone fragments were submitted to the Department of Geosciences at the University of Arizona for carbon-14 analysis. The identity of the bones were not disclosed.
A Triceratops horn discovered in Montana has recently been dated to 33,500 years
There were two horns excavated from the site in Both were sent for carbon dating at the University of Georgia. Recently the results came back, one was dated at about 33,570 years and the other at 41,010 years.
In June of 1990, Hugh Miller submitted two dinosaur bone fragments to the Department of Geosciences at the University in Tucson, Arizona for carbon-14 analysis. One fragment was from an unidentified dinosaur. The other was from an Allosaurus excavated by James Hall near Grand Junction, Colorado in Miller submitted the samples without disclosing the identity of the bones. (Had the scientists known the samples actually were from dinosaurs, they would not have bothered dating them, since it is assumed dinosaurs lived millions of years ago—outside the limits of radiocarbon dating.) Interestingly, the C-14 analysis indicated that the bones were from 10,000-16,000 years old—a far cry from their alleged 60-million-year-old age (see Dahmer, et al., 1990, pp ).
Dahmer, Lionel, D. Kouznetsov, et al. (1990), “Report on Chemical Analysis and Further Dating of Dinosaur Bones and Dinosaur Petroglyphs,” Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Creationism, ed. Robert E. Walsh and Christopher L. Brooks (Pittsburgh, PA: Creation Science Fellowship).
The bones were dated from 10,000-16,000 years old.

48. Carbon-14 and Dinosaurs
Two Triceratops horns excavated in 2012 from a site in Montana were sent to the University of Georgia to be carbon-14 dated.
One was dated at 33,570 years and the other 41,010 years.
A Triceratops horn discovered in Montana has recently been dated to 33,500 years
There were two horns excavated from the site in Both were sent for carbon dating at the University of Georgia. Recently the results came back, one was dated at about 33,570 years and the other at 41,010 years.
In June of 1990, Hugh Miller submitted two dinosaur bone fragments to the Department of Geosciences at the University in Tucson, Arizona for carbon-14 analysis. One fragment was from an unidentified dinosaur. The other was from an Allosaurus excavated by James Hall near Grand Junction, Colorado in Miller submitted the samples without disclosing the identity of the bones. (Had the scientists known the samples actually were from dinosaurs, they would not have bothered dating them, since it is assumed dinosaurs lived millions of years ago—outside the limits of radiocarbon dating.) Interestingly, the C-14 analysis indicated that the bones were from 10,000-16,000 years old—a far cry from their alleged 60-million-year-old age (see Dahmer, et al., 1990, pp ).
Dahmer, Lionel, D. Kouznetsov, et al. (1990), “Report on Chemical Analysis and Further Dating of Dinosaur Bones and Dinosaur Petroglyphs,” Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Creationism, ed. Robert E. Walsh and Christopher L. Brooks (Pittsburgh, PA: Creation Science Fellowship).

49. Kevin Anderson (Ph. D. Microbiology), Echoes of the Jurassic, 2016, p
“The presence of original dinosaur tissue and proteins cannot be merely ignored or marginalized…. The strongest and most elegant explanation is that the fossils are not millions of years old.”
A Triceratops horn discovered in Montana has recently been dated to 33,500 years
There were two horns excavated from the site in Both were sent for carbon dating at the University of Georgia. Recently the results came back, one was dated at about 33,570 years and the other at 41,010 years.
In June of 1990, Hugh Miller submitted two dinosaur bone fragments to the Department of Geosciences at the University in Tucson, Arizona for carbon-14 analysis. One fragment was from an unidentified dinosaur. The other was from an Allosaurus excavated by James Hall near Grand Junction, Colorado in Miller submitted the samples without disclosing the identity of the bones. (Had the scientists known the samples actually were from dinosaurs, they would not have bothered dating them, since it is assumed dinosaurs lived millions of years ago—outside the limits of radiocarbon dating.) Interestingly, the C-14 analysis indicated that the bones were from 10,000-16,000 years old—a far cry from their alleged 60-million-year-old age (see Dahmer, et al., 1990, pp ).
Dahmer, Lionel, D. Kouznetsov, et al. (1990), “Report on Chemical Analysis and Further Dating of Dinosaur Bones and Dinosaur Petroglyphs,” Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Creationism, ed. Robert E. Walsh and Christopher L. Brooks (Pittsburgh, PA: Creation Science Fellowship).

50. Dinosaurs and Dating Since the 1990’s scientists have discovered:
Soft tissue in dinosaur bones.
Unfossilized dinosaur bones.
Proteins in dinosaur fossils.
Red blood cells in dinosaur fossils.
DNA in dinosaur fossils.
Carbon-14 in dinosaur fossils.

51. Evidence
Kevin Anderson (Ph.D., Microbiology), Echoes of the Jurassic, 2016, p. 8.
“Those who claim the tissue can survive millions of years face the burden of providing a valid explanation. Otherwise, the far more reasonable explanation is that the fossils are simply not that old.”

52. The Common Perception Christians
“Christians are often unaware of the philosophical underpinnings of ‘deep time’ and unknowingly adopt a view that is counter to God’s Word.”
John Reed (Ph.D. Geology), Rocks Aren’t Clocks: A Critique of the Geologic Timescale, Chapter 4: “Philosophical Foundations of the Timescale”, 2013.

53. X Geology and Time How Accurate? Fossils Radiometric Dating
Precambrian
Ediacaran
Fossils X
How Accurate?
If we could shown that the fossils are not accurate indicators of time then the whole system of geological timeline as well as radiometric dates are false.
Fossils and dating (biostratigraphy)
Radiometric dating and geology
Debunking geology and “deep time”
Radiometric Dating

54. Radiometric Dating Methods 3 things we must know
What do they really measure?
Are there any assumptions?
How accurate are they?

55. What Do They Really Measure?1
What Do They Really Measure?
Jonathan Sarfati (Ph.D. Physical Chemistry), The Greatest Hoax on Earth, 2010, p. 201.
“Age isn’t really measured, rather certain processes and amounts of materials are measured, and age is inferred via certain assumptions.”

56. Are There Any Assumptions?2
Vernon Cupps (Ph.D. Nuclear Physics), “Acts & Facts”, December 2014, p
“Of the eight assumptions, none can be considered to rigorously hold in all situations. Therefore, dating by this method is at best a hypothesis concerning the age of any rock suite or mineral; it is certainly not a scientific fact!”

57. 3
How Accurate Are They?
Jim Mason (Ph.D. Experimental Nuclear Physics), Evolution’s Achilles’ Heels, 2014, p. 198.
“The fact that the radiometric ages for rocks of known ages turn out to be so seriously inaccurate is a strong suggestion that one or more of these assumptions is incorrect.”

58. John Reed (Ph.D. Geology), Rocks Aren’t Clocks: A Critique of the Geologic Timescale, 2013, p. 114.
“But there are many problems with all of these methods. Radiometric dating is not reliable and relies on several assumptions that cannot be scientifically demonstrated.”
When samples are submitted to labs, the forms usually have an entry for “estimate age”. But why should this be, if the method were absolute?
If the dates are rejected, the difference can be explained away.
An example is the KBS tuff – a layer of volcanic ash in East Africa. Famous because of nearby fossils of an alleged human ancestor.
First date (potassium-argon) gave a date of 230 MYO, but this disagreed with the accepted age of the fossils (pigs, elephants and apes and tools), so the date was rejected.
The excuse was contamination with excess argon. But the only evidence for excess argon was the “absolute” date disagreed wit the fossil dates.
The same researchers redated the tuff at 2.61 myo which was compatible with the fossils. This date was then confirmed
Then in 1944 Richard Leakey found a skull (KNM-ER 1470), below the tuff, so it must be older. But the skull was to modern.
So the researchers again redated the KBS tuff to be 1.82 myo which made it compatible with the assumed evolutionary history of the skull.

59. Conclusion All radiometric dating methods are based on assumptions.
If assumptions are accepted as true, results can be biased.
In textbooks and other journals these assumptions have not been questioned.
When the assumptions were evaluated they were shown to be faulty.
The results support a biblical model of a young earth.

60. Evidence
Thousands not millions

61. X 3 Strong Deductions 2 Timothy 4:3-4 John 5:46-47 John 17:17
Long Ages X

62. Deduction 1 A Warning: 2 Timothy 4:3-4
For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine, but according to their own desires, because they have itching ears, they will heap up for themselves teachers; and they will turn their ears away from the truth, and be turned aside to fables.
NKJV

63. Deduction 2 A Warning: John 5:46-47
For if you believed Moses, you would believe Me; for he wrote about Me. But if you do not believe his writings, how will you believe My words?
NKJV

64. Deduction 3 Jesus’ Prayer for Christians John 17:17
Sanctify them by Your truth. Your word is truth.
The idea of the word “sanctify,” is separation (set apart). Jesus is also confirming that every part of God’s Word is truth. This means that every law, statute, illustration, example, and principle is good. It also means the history presented in the Bible is true and does not need to conform to the world’s wisdom.
Jesus is confirming that every part of God’s Word is truth. This means the history presented in the Bible is true.

65. Facing Goliath Evolutionism Moral Relativism
We need to help our youth become the influencers and not the casualties in the classroom. When they walk into the room they should be the ones who have answers and shape the conversation. We must prepare them to stand firm, defend their faith, and make an impact for the truth (Jesus Christ).
It is within our power, as Christian leaders, parents, and concerned adults, to shape the next generation of Americans.
The actions we take now will determine whether or not America continues on her current path toward becoming a post Christian nation or returns to her legacy as a nation under God.

66. Creation Training Initiative
Three Training Courses

67. 5-Day Apologetics Teachers College
When: August 6-11, 2018
Where: Glorieta Conference Center, Glorieta, NM
Who: 50 students (pastors, youth leaders, school teachers, parents, college age)

68. Free PowerPoint Slides
For more information
Free Videos
Free PowerPoint Slides
Building an “Army” of Christian Educators