1. 京剧
中国的国剧 National Opera

2. History 历史 Called Beijing Opera or Peking Opera 二百多年 Over 200 years
Originated from the music of Anhui and Hubei Opera, later incorporated other operas
Developed quickly under imperial patron

3. Why loud voice and gawdy colors?
Long ago, Beijing Opera was performed on open-air stages in markets, streets, teahouses, or temple courtyards. In order to be heard over the crowds, the orchestra was forced to play loudly while the performers had to develop a piercing style of singing. The stages were lit by oil lamps and were so dim that the costumes were intentionally designed to be gawdy and made from harsh, contrasting colors.

4. What makes it National Opera?
Harmonious combination of Grand Opera, Ballet and acrobatic display.
In each performance, there is dancing, dialogue, monologue, acrobatic combat and mime.

5. Why it’s called National Opera?
physically demanding
requiring more qualification than other forms performing art.
One must performing artist, a singer, and a dancer at the same time.
takes a student more than ten years of training to learn the singing and acrobatic skills.

6. Four main roles
生： men
旦： women
净： men with distinctive characters
丑： humorous men or villains

7. 生 净 丑 旦

8. 老生

9. 小生
奶油小生

10. 武生

11. 花旦

12. 花旦

13. 老旦

14. 丑

15. 丑

16. 净

17. 净

18. Color Symbolism in Peking Opera Masks
Red: loyalty, courage
Purple: wisdom, bravery, steadfastness
Black: loyalty, integrity
Watery white: cruelty, treachery
Oily white: inflated, domineering
Blue: valor, resolution
Green: chivalry
Yellow: brutality
Gray: an old scoundrel
Gold and silver: supernatural (demons, Buddhas, spirits)
Dark red: loyal, time-tested warrior

19. 白脸-cruelty and treachery

21. 黑脸：integrity and loyalty

22. 蓝脸：valor and resolution

23. 红脸： loyalty and courage关公

24. 黄脸：fierce and brutality

25. 金色、银色: supernatural (demons, Buddhas, spirits)gods

26. 绿脸：stubborn

27. 紫脸wisdom, teadfastness, bravery

28. 粉红色 Pink - Humorous

29. 影像
京剧 联唱
京剧化妆 DVD C-13
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