1. Child Labor during the Industrial Revolution

2. Directions: Do not take notes on this PowerPoint Read the next slide
On the following slides, look at the pictures and read the captions
Imagine yourself at that age, and what it would be like to be working in those conditions
When you are done, write a five sentence description of what you have read and seen, and then an additional 5 sentence reflection about what it would be like to be a child during the industrial revolution

3. Lewis Hine An American photographer.
In 1908 Hine became the photographer for the National Child Labor Committee
Over the next decade, Hine documented child labor in the United States
Hine used his camera as a tool for social reform.
His photographs were instrumental in changing child labor laws in the United States.

4. Mill Workers

5. One of the spinners in Whitnel Cotton Mill. She was 51 inches high
One of the spinners in Whitnel Cotton Mill. She was 51 inches high. Has been in the mill one year. Sometimes works at night. Runs 4 sides - 48 cents a day. When asked how old she was, she hesitated, then said, "I don't remember," then added confidentially, "I'm not old enough to work, but do just the same." Out of 50 employees, there were ten children about her size.
Whitnel, N.C. Mid
One of the spinners in Whitnel Cotton Mill. She was 51 inches high. Has been in the mill one year. Sometimes works at night. Runs 4 sides - 48 cents a day. When asked how old she was, she hesitated, then said, "I don't remember," then added confidentially, "I'm not old enough to work, but do just the same." Out of 50 employees, there were ten children about her size.

6. Jo Bodeon, a back-roper in the mule room at Chace Cotton Mill
Jo Bodeon, a back-roper in the mule room at Chace Cotton Mill. Burlington, Vt.
Jo Bodeon, a back-roper in the mule room at Chace Cotton Mill. Burlington, Vt.

7. Some of the young knitters in London Hosiery Mills. London, Tenn.

8. A general view of spinning room, Cornell Mill. Fall River, Mass.
A general view of spinning room, Cornell Mill. Fall River, Mass. Mid
A general view of spinning room, Cornell Mill. Fall River, Mass.

9. Some boys and girls were so small they had to climb up on to the spinning frame to mend broken threads and to put back the empty bobbins. Bibb Mill No. 1. Macon, Ga
Some boys and girls were so small they had to climb up on to the spinning frame to mend broken threads and to put back the empty bobbins. Bibb Mill No. 1. Macon, Ga

10. The overseer said apologetically, "She just happened in
The overseer said apologetically, "She just happened in." She was working steadily. The mills seem full of youngsters who "just happened in" or "are helping sister." Newberry, S.C.
The overseer said apologetically, "She just happened in." She was working steadily. The mills seem full of youngsters who "just happened in" or "are helping sister." Newberry, S.C.

11. Note the overseerer watching this little girls work
Note the manager watching this little girls work. Often you will see a stick in the managers hand that they use to hit the children if they work too slow, or stop working

12. A moments glimpse of the outer world. Said she was 11 years old
A moments glimpse of the outer world. Said she was 11 years old. Been working over a year. Rhodes Mfg. Co. Lincolnton, N.C.
A moments glimpse of the outer world. Said she was 11 years old. Many children worked before dawn until after it was dark. She had been working over a year. Rhodes Mfg. Co. Lincolnton, N.C.

13. Furman Owens, 12 years old. Can't read. Doesn't know his A,B,C's
Furman Owens, 12 years old. Can't read. Doesn't know his A,B,C's. Said, "Yes I want to learn but can't when I work all the time." Been in the mills 4 years, 3 years in the Olympia Mill. Columbia, S.C. Mid
Furman Owens, 12 years old. Can't read. Doesn't know his A,B,C's. Said, "Yes I want to learn but can't when I work all the time." Been in the mills 4 years, 3 years in the Olympia Mill. Columbia, S.C.

14. Seafood Workers

15. Oyster shuckers working in a canning factory
Oyster shuckers working in a canning factory. All but the very smallest babies work. Began work at 3:30 a.m. and expected to work until 5 p.m. The little girl in the center was working. Her mother said she is "a real help to me." Dunbar, La. Mid
Oyster shuckers working in a canning factory. All but the very smallest babies work. Began work at 3:30 a.m. and expected to work until 5 p.m. The little girl in the center was working. Her mother said she is "a real help to me." Dunbar, La.

16. Manuel the young shrimp picker, age 5, and a mountain of child labor oyster shells behind him. He worked last year. Understands not a word of English. Biloxi, Miss. Mid
Manuel the young shrimp picker, age 5, and a mountain of child labor oyster shells behind him. He worked last year. Understands not a word of English. Biloxi, Miss.

17. Johnnie, a nine year old oyster shucker
Johnnie, a nine year old oyster shucker. Man with pipe behind him is a padrone who has brought these people from Baltimore for four years. He is the boss of the shucking shed. Dunbar, La.
Johnnie, a nine year old oyster shucker. Man with pipe behind him is a padrone who has brought these people from Baltimore for four years. He is the boss of the shucking shed. Dunbar, La.

18. Cutting fish in a sardine cannery
Cutting fish in a sardine cannery. Large sharp knives are used with a cutting and sometimes chopping motion. The slippery floors and benches and careless bumping into each other increase the liability of accidents. "The salt water gits into the cuts and they ache," said one boy. Eastport, Me
Cutting fish in a sardine cannery. Large sharp knives are used with a cutting and sometimes chopping motion. The slippery floors and benches and careless bumping into each other increase the liability of accidents. "The salt water gets into the cuts and they ache," said one boy. Eastport, Me

19. Shrimp pickers, including little 8 year old Max on the right
Shrimp pickers, including little 8 year old Max on the right. Biloxi, Miss.
Shrimp pickers, including little 8 year old Max on the right. Biloxi, Miss.

20. Fish cutters at a Canning Co in Maine. Ages range from 7 to 12
Fish cutters at a Canning Co in Maine. Ages range from 7 to 12. They live near the factory.
The 7 year old boy in front, Byron Hamilton, has a badly cut finger but helps his brother regularly.
Behind him is his brother George, age 11, who cut his finger half off while working.
Ralph, on the left, displays his knife and also a badly cut finger. They and many youngsters said they were always cutting themselves.
George earns a $1 some days usually 75 cents. Some of the others say they earn a $1 when they work all day. At times they start at 7 a.m. and work all day until midnight.
Fish cutters at a Canning Co in Maine. Ages range from 7 to 12. They live near the factory.
The 7 year old boy in front, Byron Hamilton, has a badly cut finger but helps his brother regularly.
Behind him is his brother George, age 11, who cut his finger half off while working.
Ralph, on the left, displays his knife and also a badly cut finger. They and many youngsters said they were always cutting themselves.
George earns a $1 some days usually 75 cents. Some of the others say they earn a $1 when they work all day. At times they start at 7 a.m. and work all day until midnight.

21. Factory Workers

22. Boys who work in mill in the Scotland Mills, Laurinburg, N.C.
View of the Scotland Mills, showing boys who work in mill. Laurinburg, N.C. Mid
Boys who work in mill in the Scotland Mills, Laurinburg, N.C.

23. Young cigar makers in Engelhardt & Co. Three boys looked under 14
Young cigar makers in Engelhardt & Co. Three boys looked under 14. Labor leaders told me in busy times many small boys and girls were employed. Youngsters all smoke. Tampa, Fla.
Young cigar makers in Engelhardt & Co. Three boys looked under 14. Labor leaders told me in busy times many small boys and girls were employed. Youngsters all smoke. Tampa, Fla.

24. Boys in the packing room at the Brown Mfg. Co. Evansville, Ind.

25. Working in a glass making factory

26. Glass factory workers
Glass factory workers

27. A boy making melon baskets in a basket factory. Evansville, Ind

28. Newsies

29. A small newsie downtown on a Saturday afternoon. St. Louis, Mo.
A small newsie downtown on a Saturday afternoon. St. Louis, Mo. Mid
A small newsie downtown on a Saturday afternoon. St. Louis, Mo.

30. Washington, D.C., a 7 year old newsboy, standing on the snowy street with newspapers." Lewis Hine, 1912
Washington, D.C., a 7 year old newsboy, standing on the snowy street with newspapers." Lewis Hine, 1912

31. A group of newsies selling on Capitol steps
A group of newsies selling on Capitol steps. Tony, age 8, Dan, 9, Joseph, 10, and John, age 11. Washington, D.C
A group of newsies selling on Capitol steps. Tony, age 8, Dan, 9, Joseph, 10, and John, age 11. Washington, D.C

32. Tony Casale, age 11, been selling 4 years. Sells sometimes until 10 p
Tony Casale, age 11, been selling 4 years. Sells sometimes until 10 p.m. His paper told me the boy had shown him the marks on his arm where his father had bitten him for not selling more papers. He (the boy) said, "Drunken men say bad words to us." Hartford, Conn.
Tony Casale, age 11, been selling 4 years. Sells sometimes until 10 p.m. His paper told me the boy had shown him the marks on his arm where his father had bitten him for not selling more papers. He (the boy) said, "Drunken men say bad words to us." Hartford, Conn.

33. Michael McNelis, age 8, a newsboy [with photographer Hine]
Michael McNelis, age 8, a newsboy [with photographer Hine]. This boy has just recovered from his second attack of pneumonia. Was found selling papers in a big rain storm. Philadelphia, Pa.
Michael McNelis, age 8, a newsboy [with photographer Hine]. This boy has just recovered from his second attack of pneumonia. Was found selling papers in a big rain storm. Philadelphia, Pa.

34. Francis Lance, 5 years old, 41 inches high
Francis Lance, 5 years old, 41 inches high. He jumps on and off moving trolley cars at the risk of his life. St. Louis, Mo.
Francis Lance, 5 years old, 41 inches high. He jumps on and off moving trolley cars at the risk of his life. St. Louis, Mo.

35. Out after midnight selling extras
Out after midnight selling extras. There were many young boys selling very late. Youngest boy in the group is 9 years old. Harry, age 11, Eugene and the rest were a little older. Washington, D.C. Mid
Out after midnight selling extras. There were many young boys selling very late. Youngest boy in the group is 9 years old. Harry, age 11, Eugene and the rest were a little older. Washington, D.C.

36. Mine Workers

37. At the close of day. Waiting for the cage to go up
At the close of day. Waiting for the cage to go up. The cage is entirely open on two sides and not very well protected on the other two, and is usually crowded like this. The small boy in front is Jo Puma. S. Pittston, Pa. Mid
At the close of day. Waiting for the cage to go up. The cage is entirely open on two sides and not very well protected on the other two, and is usually crowded like this. The small boy in front is Jo Puma. S. Pittston, Pa.

38. A young driver on the left from the Brown mine
A young driver on the left from the Brown mine. Has been driving one year. Works 7 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. daily. Brown W. Va.
A young driver on the left from the Brown mine. Has been driving one year. Works 7 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. daily. Brown W. Va.

39. Note: Young supervisor with a stick in his hand
View of the Ewen Breaker of the Pa. Coal Co. The dust was so dense at times as to obscure the view. This dust penetrated the utmost recesses of the boys' lungs. A kind of slave-driver sometimes stands over the boys, prodding or kicking them into obedience. S. Pittston, Pa.
Note: Young supervisor with a stick in his hand
View of the Ewen Breaker of the Pa. Coal Co. The dust was so dense at times as to obscure the view. This dust penetrated the utmost recesses of the boys' lungs. A kind of slave-driver sometimes stands over the boys, prodding or kicking them into obedience. S. Pittston, Pa.
Note: Young supervisor with a stick in his hand

40. Breaker boys, Hughestown Borough Pa. Coal Co.
One of these is James Leonard, another is Stanley Rasmus. Pittston, Pa.
Bottom right is Harley Bruce, a young coupling-boy at Indian Mine. He appears to be 12 or 14 years old and says he has been working there about a year.
It is hard work and dangerous. Near Jellico, Tenn.
Breaker boys, Hughestown Borough Pa. Coal Co. One of these is James Leonard, another is Stanley Rasmus. Pittston, Pa. Bottom right is Harley Bruce, a young coupling-boy at Indian Mine. He appears to be 12 or 14 years old and says he has been working there about a year. It is hard work and dangerous. Near Jellico, Tenn.

41. Other Child Worker Jobs

42. Young boys working for Hickok Lumber Co. Burlington, Vt
Young boys working for Hickok Lumber Co. Burlington, Vt. Right - Three young boys with shovels standing in doorway of a Fort Worth & Denver train car.
Young boys working for Hickok Lumber Co. Burlington, Vt. Right - Three young boys with shovels standing in doorway of a Fort Worth & Denver train car.

43. Right - Norris Luvitt. Been picking 3 years in berry fields near Baltimore.
Camille Carmo, age 7, and Justine, age 9. The older girl picks about 4 pails a day. Rochester, Mass.
Right - Norris Luvitt. Been picking 3 years in berry fields near Baltimore.
Camille Carmo, age 7, and Justine, age 9. The older girl picks about 4 pails a day. Rochester, Mass.

44. A boy carrying hats in New York City

45. Consequences

46. Many work all day, smoke, gamble and visits houses of prostitution.

47. Loss of limbs from the machinery or permanent injury due to standing on their feet all day every day while they are growing.
Loss of limbs from the machinery or permanent injury due to standing on their feet all day every day while they are growing.

48. Assignment
Write a five sentence description of what you have read and seen
Write an additional five sentence reflection about what it would be like to be a child during the industrial revolution
10 sentences in all