1. LNG Fuelling the Future
Source: Gasnor
LNG Fuelling the Future
Experience from Norwegian Small Scale LNG Use and Distribution
LNG Powering the Future in INDIA Conference
Friday 23th January 2015 Mumbai
Egil Rensvik
Science & Technology Counsellor South & SouthEast Asia
Innovation Norway, Singapore
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2. LNG storage & regasification (Satellite plant)
DNV has performed cost-benefit analyses on two LNG supply chains in Eastern Indonesia
Liquefaction plant
onshore
FSRU - Tanker
Case Study 1
Solusi yang diminta oleh RR
LNG storage & regasification (Satellite plant)
Small-scale LNG ship (10,000 – 12,000 m3)
Small-scale LNG terminal (Onshore)
RTRF
LNG truck
FSRU - Tanker
Case Study 2
Solusi yang ditawarkan oleh INPEX
Power Plant
FLNG = FPSO
NG pipeline
Small-scale LNG ship (10,000 – 12,000 m3)
Small-scale LNG terminal (Onshore)
RTRF
FLNG = Floating LNG Liquefaction off-shore
FLNG = FPSO = Floating Production Storage and Offloading
FSRU = Floating Storage & Regasification Unit - Tanker
Supply chain options have no one size fits all – risks in each scenario varies and solutions have to be customized to each locality
Indonesia LNG Opportunities - Small Scale LNG
1st & 2nd May 2013
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 40

3. Gravifloat is a cost competive alternative  Eliminates the need for a jetty
Illustrative
Similar Trend, Downward CAPEX, on LNG facilities
LNG Terminals – Traditional land based (One off solution)
Terminal Cost / Cubm storage – 3000 USD / Cubm
FSRU - Floating - One size (Fabrication at Efficient Shipyards)
GraviFloat - Bottom fixed. – Flexible Sizing (Fabrication at Efficient Shipyards)
Terminal Cost / Cubm Storage – 2200 USD / Cubm
Terminal Cost / Cubm Storage – 1600 USD / Cubm
Solusinya at the point of deep water Exploration & Production
Masela PSC Block harus di bangun CPF
(Central Processing Liquefaction Facility)
LNG Jetty / Berth Type
LNG Jetty / Trestle Type
LNG Liquefaction Terminals on-shore
FSRU Tanker
Floating LNG Liquefaction Terminals off-shore
Spherical
design
FLNG
Membrane design
FSRU – Spherical design
Membrane
design
Floating Storage & Regasification Unit
FLNG
Solusi yang diminta oleh RR
Solusi yang ditawarkan oleh INPEX

4. Examples of LNG carrier types (Source: BV 2009)
The two basic types FSRU - Tanker of LNG carrier ships have distinctive shapes
Examples of LNG carrier types (Source: BV 2009)
Membrane design
Spherical design
The membrane design tanker introduced in 1970 features multiple tanks with linings made from thin (0.5 mm) nickel steel (Invar®) alloy capable of withstanding extreme temperatures.
These tanks are integrated into the hull of the ship.
The spherical design tanker introduced in 1971 features round
containment tanks that sit on supports on the hull of the ship and transfer the stress of thermal
expansion and contraction onto those supports.

5. FSRU - Tanker An LNG ship’s hull and containment system,
more than six feet thick, as shown in cross-section.
FSRU - Tanker
Membrane design
Source: Neil Chapman, BP; image courtesy of BP

6. FLNG = Floating LNG Liquefaction off-shore
FSRU – Tanker
Spherical design
FLNG = Floating LNG Liquefaction off-shore
FLNG = FPSO = Floating Production Storage and Offloading
FSRU = Floating Storage & Regasification Unit - Tanker

7. FLNG = Floating LNG Liquefaction off-shore
FSRU – Tanker
Spherical design
FLNG = Floating LNG Liquefaction off-shore
FLNG = FPSO = Floating Production Storage and Offloading
FSRU = Floating Storage & Regasification Unit - Tanker

9. RTRF -