1. Biometrics : From Yesterday to Tomorrow
Informatics is IT for People
Biometrics : From Yesterday to Tomorrow
Lim Eyung
Temasek Polytechnic/Lecturer
Biometric Technical Committee of Singapore/Secretary

2. Biometrics = Bio(life) + Metrics(to measure)
“Biometrics” in Greek
Biometrics =
Bio(life) +
Metrics(to measure)

3. -Spanish explorer Joao de Barros
Biometrics in History
First known example of fingerprinting, which is a form of biometrics, in China during the 14th century. Chinese merchants used ink to take children's fingerprints for identification purposes.
-Spanish explorer Joao de Barros

4. Biometrics in History
French police officer and biometrics researcher created anthropometry
First scientific identification system
Based on physical measurements
mug shot and the systematization of crime-scene photography remain in place to this day.
- Alphonse Bertillon (April 24, 1853 – February 13, 1914)

5. Evolution of Biometric Technologies
From
Events
500 B.C.
Evidences of biometric being used as person’s mark
1858
Systematic capture of biometric samples for identification purpose - Manual
1903
NY State Police beings using Fingerprint Bertillon’s System collapses
1970s
Face, Fingerprint, Hand and Speech Biometrics moving towards automation.
1986
First standard on Fingerprint minutiae data exchanged published by NIST
2002
ISO Sub-committees on Biometrics established

6. Biometrics in Authentication Context
Something they know (password, PIN)
Something they have (identity document or token)
Something they are (human body: Biometrics)
Not exactly…

7. physiological and/or behavioral characteristics
Biometrics are:
measurable
physiological and/or behavioral characteristics
can be used to verify the identity of an individual

8. Identifiable Biometric Characteristics
• Biological traces
– DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid), blood, saliva,etc.
• Physiological characteristics
– fingerprints, eye irises and retinas, hand palms and geometry, and facial geometry
• Behavioral characteristics
– dynamic signature, gait, keystroke dynamics, lip motion
• Combined
– voice

9. Verification Am I who I claim to be?
One to one camparison e.g. ID Card presented before biometric sample

10. Identification Who am I?
One to many comparison e.g. present only your fingerprint to the system

11. Biometric Applications - ePassports
     Has biometric passports
    Only for diplomats
     Will have in the near future
Source : wikipedia

12. Biometric Applications – Disney World, Orlando
Throughput: 100K/day, 365 days/year

13. Challenges faced with Biometric Implementations
Privacy (Social Acceptability)
Template vs. Image, Personal Info Storage vs. Biometric Info Storage, Match-On-Card…
Consistent Measurements
Changes in lighting conditions, Aging, Glasses, Biometric Fusion(Multimodal Biometrics)…
A 0% clonability is required
Biometrics are like very long passwords that you cannot change…
From Features to Better Features
PCA, Spectral vs. Minutiae

14. Biometric Forecasts (

15. Current and Future Trends
Identification to Verification
Multiple Factor, One-to-One
Single to Multiple Modality Biometrics
Palm + Hand Geometry, Face + Iris…
Liveness Detection
Fingerprint to FingerVein, 2D Face to 3D Face…
“Local” product to globalization
Standardization…ISO/IEC SC , 29794, 29109
Image to Interoperable Template
ISO/IEC SC , CBEFF

16. Temasek Polytechnic in Biometric
Developed “on-board” Gesture Recognition System (Tan Kah Kee Young Inventor’s Award)

17. Temasek Polytechnic in Biometric
Developed and maintained Biometric Conformance Testing Suite for ISO /5 Face/Finger Image Biometric Data Interchange Record for IT Standard Committee of Singapore
Co-authored Technical Reference on Fingerprint Quality Measurement (SPRING)
Represented Singapore/Project Co-Editor in ISO SC37 and Asian Biometric Consortium Conference.

18. Thank You