1. Neurons and Nervous Systems

2. Neurons and Nervous Systems
Nervous Systems: Cells and Functions
Neurons: Generating and Conducting Nerve Impulses
Neurons, Synapses, and Communication

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Figure 44.2
Figure 44.2

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Figure 44.3 – Part 1
Figure 44.3 – Part 1

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Figure 44.3 – Part 2
Figure 44.3 – Part 2

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Figure 44.4
Figure 44.4

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Figure 44.5
Figure 44.5

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Figure 44.6
Figure 44.6

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Animation
Figure 44.7
Figure 44.7

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Figure 44.8
Figure 44.8

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Figure 44.9 – Part 1
Figure 44.9 – Part 1

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Figure 44.9 – Part 2
Figure 44.9 – Part 2

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Animation
Figure 44.10
Figure 44.10

16. Beating

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Figure – Part 1
Figure – Part 1

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Figure – Part 2
Figure – Part 2

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Figure – Part 3
Figure – Part 3

20. Neurons: Generating and Conducting Nerve Impulses
Patch clamping allows us to study single ion channels. Review Figure 44.12

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Figure 44.12
Figure 44.12

22. Neurons: Generating and Conducting Nerve Impulses
In myelinated axons, the action potentials appear to jump between nodes of Ranvier, patches of plasma membrane not covered by myelin. Review Figure 44.13

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Figure – Part 1
Figure – Part 1

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Figure – Part 2
Figure – Part 2

25. Neurons, Synapses, and Communication
Neurons communicate with each other and other cells at specialized junctions called synapses, where plasma membranes of two cells come close together.

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Figure 44.14
Figure 44.14

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Figure 44.15
Figure 44.15

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Figure 44.16
Animation
Figure 44.16

29. Neurons, Synapses, and Communication
Synapses between neurons are either excitatory or inhibitory. Synapses can form on presynaptic membranes and influence the release of neurotransmitter by the presynaptic cell.

30. Neurons, Synapses, and Communication
A postsynaptic neuron integrates information by summing its synaptic inputs in space and time. Review Figure 44.17 30

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Figure – Part 1
Figure – Part 1

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Figure – Part 2
Figure – Part 2

33. Neurons, Synapses, and Communication
Ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors are ion channels. Metabotropic receptors influence the postsynaptic cell through various signal transduction pathways that involve G proteins. These pathways can result in changes in ion channels, alterations of enzyme activity, and gene expression. Actions of ionotropic synapses are generally faster than those of metabotropic synapses. Review Figures 44.18, 44.19

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Figure 44.15
Ionotropic Receptor

35. Metabotropic Receptor
figure jpg
Figure 44.18
Metabotropic Receptor

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Table 44.1 – Part 1
Table 44.1 – Part 1

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Table 44.1 – Part 2
Table 44.1 – Part 2