1. Discovery Seminar UE141 PP– Spring Solving Crimes using Referent Tracking Entities and their relationships - How the homework should have been done - March 26, 2009
Werner CEUSTERS
Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences
Ontology Research Group
University at Buffalo, NY, USA

2. A realist view of the world
The world consists of
entities that are
Either particulars or universals;
Either occurrents or continuants;
Either dependent or independent; and,
relationships between these entities of the form
<particular , universal> e.g. is-instance-of,
<particular , particular> e.g. is-member-of
<universal , universal> e.g. isa (is-subtype-of)
Smith B, Kusnierczyk W, Schober D, Ceusters W. Towards a Reference Terminology for Ontology Research and Development in the Biomedical Domain. Proceedings of KR-MED 2006, November 8, 2006, Baltimore MD, USA

3. Extended Top-Level Ontology
Continuant
Occurrent
Spatial
Region
Independent
Continuant
Process
Temporal
Region
Scattered
Spatial
Region
Dependent
Continuant
Object
Abstract
Entity
Scattered
Temporal
Region
Role
Function
Quality
Propensity

4. Universals and classes
e.g. human
extension-of
universal
instance-of
(at t for continuants)
e.g. all humans
member-of
at t
class P P P P
Defined class P P P P P P P P
e.g. all humans in this room

5. Primitive instance-level relationships
c instance_of C at t - a primitive relation between a continuant instance and a universal which it instantiates at a specific time
c inheres-in c1 at t - a primitive relation between a dependent continuant instance, an independent continuant instance and a time at which the former depends on the latter
p instance_of P - a primitive relation between a process instance and a universal which it instantiates holding independently of time
c part_of c1 at t - a primitive relation between two continuant instances and a time at which the one is part of the other
p part_of p1, r part_of r1 , t part_of t1 - a primitive relation of parthood, holding independently of time, either between process instances (one a subprocess of the other), between spatial regions (one a subregion of the other), or between temporal regions
c located_in r at t - a primitive relation between a continuant instance, a spatial region which it occupies, and a time
r adjacent_to r1 - a primitive relation of proximity between two disjoint continuants
t earlier t1 - a primitive relation between two times
c derives_from c1 - a primitive relation involving two distinct material continuants c and c1
p has_participant c at t - a primitive relation between a process, a continuant, and a time
p has_agent c at t - a primitive relation between a process, a continuant and a time at which the continuant is causally active in the process
p member-of ClassX at t, c member-of ClassX at t – a primitive relation between a continuant or process instance and a class

6. Homework
On September 9th, 1935, Carl Austin Weiss shot Senator Huey Long in the Louisiana State Capitol with a .35 calibre pistol. Long died from this wound thirty hours later on September 10th. Weiss, on the other hand, received between thirty-two and sixty .44 and .45 calibre hollow point bullets from Long's agitated bodyguards and died immediately.
Task:
Find the entities based upon the expanded ontology
Identify the PtoP and PtoU-relationships
Identify defined classes, and their members in the scenario
Due date: March 24, 10 PM

7. Not just examples, but ALL entities and relationships
Tips
Not just examples, but ALL entities and relationships
Verify the constraints for each used relation
Do not fortget the ‘at t’ where required, and define each ‘t’, e.g.
t1: the time Weiss shot
t2: the time Long died …

8. Solution

9. Terms explicitly denoting entities
On September 9th, 1935, Carl Austin Weiss shot
Senator Huey Long in the Louisiana State Capitol with a
.35 calibre pistol. Long died from this wound
thirty hours later on September 10th. Weiss, on the other hand, received between thirty-two and sixty
.44 and .45 calibre hollow point bullets from
Long's agitated bodyguards and died immediately.
25 terms

10. Explicitly denoted particulars
On September 9th, 1935, Carl Austin Weiss shot
Senator Huey Long in the Louisiana State Capitol with a
.35 calibre pistol. Long died from this wound
thirty hours later on September 10th. Weiss, on the other hand, received between thirty-two and sixty
.44 and .45 calibre hollow point bullets from
Long's agitated bodyguards and died immediately.
22 particulars
(note)

11. Determination of classes/universals
September 9th, 1935,
Carl Austin Weiss
The shooting of (5) by (2)
The senator role of (4)
Huey Long
the Louisiana State Capitol
Louisiana State
That .35 calibre pistol used for (3)
The .35 calibre property of (8)
The dying of (5) at (12)
Long’s wound caused by (3)
thirty hours later on September 10th
received (the shooting of Weiss)
between thirty-two and sixty .44 and .45 calibre hollow point bullets
between thirty-two and sixty
the .45 calibre property of some bullets of (14)
The .44 calibre property of some bullets of (14)
hollow point shape property of all bullets of (14)
Long's bodyguards
agitated state of the bodyguards
Death of Weiss
instance-of temporal region
instance-of object at (1)
instance-of process
instance-of role at (1)
instance-of abstract entity at (1)
instance-of quality at (1)
instance-of process
instance-of process at (22)
instance-of object at (22)
instance of quality at (22)
Require special treatment: several particulars implicitly mentioned !

12. PtoP – relations (partially)
September 9th, 1935,
Carl Austin Weiss
The shooting of (5) by (2)
The senator role of (4)
Huey Long
the Louisiana State Capitol
Louisiana State
That .35 calibre pistol used for (3)
The .35 calibre property of (8)
R(x): region occupied by (x)
Legend
Inheres-in at (1) 9 8
Has-participant at (1) 4
Inheres-in at (1) 5
Has-participant
at (1) 3
Has-agent
at (1) 2
located-in at (1)
Part-of
Part-of
R(5)
R(6)
R(7)
located-in at (1)
located-in at (1) 6 7

13. Homework
Do the PtoP-schema for : ‘Weiss, on the other hand, received between thirty-two and sixty .44 and .45 calibre hollow point bullets from Long's agitated bodyguards and died immediately.’
Note: think carefully about the way to deal with the collection of bullets and bodyguards and what they are composed of !!!
Due date: March 31, 10 PM