1. Russian Revolution (1900-1905)
Class 8-4
Alina Begley
Anthony Zhang
Brittany Tieu
Brooke Heidewald

2. Describe the land and people of Russia in the year 1900.
Russian Tundra
5% of land was arable
Southern mountains
Most of the people in Russia lived in the 5% land that was good for farming
The mountains on the southern border provide protection but they also block out the warm air from blowing into Russia, leaving Russia open to the cold arctic winds
Most of the Russian Land was not arable and too cold – tundra.
By: alina

3. Who was Tzar Nicholas II? Describe his leadership style.
Tsar the emperor of Russia was an autocrat - a monarch who does not have to share power
Tsar had civil servants who helped him govern 125 million people
After 300 years of rule, Tsar’s authority had finally broke down (Lenin took over)
By: Brittany

4. Who was Karl Marx and how did his ideas divide Russians?
Gradual
Now
Change
Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher and revolutionary who was credited as the founder of communism. His ideas on separated the Russians into two groups: the Bolsheviks who wanted immediate change, and the Mensheviks, who were generally more neutral to any ideas. His book, the Communist Manifesto, described the how Communism would bring the proletariats to power and divide the land equally among all.

5. How was Russian society divided, in terms of wealth and power?
Brooke
How was Russian society divided, in terms of wealth and power?
Bouguoise (the nobles) were at the top of the society, followed by Town Workers, and at the bottom: proletariat (poor).
Rich
Town Workers
Poor
4/5 Russians
are peasants.
Tsar was head of the society because of his power in the government.
How was Russian society divided, in terms of wealth and power?
Poor – Rich(the landed nobles)
- governed by Tsar Nicholas II – ancestors ruled for 300 years before
- 4 out of 5 russians were peasants – extreme poverty //
1 the rich 2 the town workers 3 the peasants
“Table of Rank’s”
Minister in charge of government departments (at the top)
Bottom- minor officials.
Tsar didn’t allow people to question his authority or challenge his power.
Nobles – 1% of Russian Population
But owned 25% of the land
- new class of rich russians – capitalists
A Russian cartoon of Above the workers are the capitalists: “We do the eating’; then the army; ‘We shoot you’; the clergy: ‘We mislead you’; and the royal family: ‘We rule you”

6. Glossary St. Petersberg – An important city located in West Russia.
Siberia – A cold province in Russia where people are sent to exile or for imprisonment.
Autocrat – A person in charge of an event.
Cossacks – Traditional community of people living in East Europe and Asian Russia, well known for their military skills and horsemanship.
Okhrana – The Czar’s secret police.
Karl Marx – The philosopher who came up with the idea of communism.
Communists – People who believe in a government type where there are no classes, and all people are equal.
Liberals – People who have a political view or social view favoring reform and progress.

7. Works Cited MSN Encarta – msn.encarta.com
“Russia In War and Revolution” – Josh Brooman
“Russia”
En.wikipedia.org/wiki/nicholas_II
Google.com/images
Google.com

8. Russia’s Revival A time of change 1905-1917
Bobby Yin
Andy Li
Sooho Choi

9. Bloody Sunday Sooho Choi
Bloody Sunday was an unfortunate incident that happened on Jan 22, 1905 in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was where innocent, unarmed, and peaceful people organized and marched to show a petition to Tsar Nicholas ll. The petition wanted better living conditions and working conditions for the poor people of Russia. At this time the city had no electricity and all public areas were declared closed. This was a problem for the workers because the workers had to earn money by working at the factory, but all the factories were closed. So, these workers had no means to earn money. However, when these people went to the Winter Palace to protest to Tsar Nicholas, they got shot by the Imperial Guards. More than 100 people were killed, and many others were wounded.

10. 1905 Revolution Sooho Choi
Russian revolution(1917) is a term that is about the strike and political terrorism. The First World War affected Russia which it resulted it's weak government and economy. Also it resulted less food shortages and hunger. Then the people turned to the government. Which was Bloody Sunday. In March 1917, the Tsar lost control so he had to get rid of the strikers in order to stay in power

11. The Great War Bobby Yin
Russia’s people, at the time of WWI, were furious. Their sons/fathers/brothers/husbands were dying in a war that resulted with total defeat, and worst thing is, there was no point to this war. The Russians are confused, angry, and pointed all their fingers at the one man who lead Russia: Tsar Nicholas. Afterwards, a man named Vladimir Lenin, who was exiled before, came from Germany to Russia and took power, signing a peace agreement with Germany. After Russia’s peace agreement, the Motherland was required to give up Finland and other conquered countries, reducing it’s people by 26%, farmland by 27%, rail roads by 26% and 74% of it’s iron and coal mines.

12. Feb/Mar Revolution Andy Li
One of the main causes of the March revolution in Russia was when losing the war against Germany. Tsar went to war and left the country to his wife, people thought that the reason why they doing badly in the war is because that Tsar‘s wife and her friend, Rasputin, were German agents. Another cause of the March Revolution was the fact that the Russian people were suffering during an extremely cold winter. Many people were hungry and the workers were going on strikes. The Russian people started to rebel.

13. Glossary Bloody Sunday Vladimir Lenin Bolsheviks Abdicate
A peaceful demonstration by Russian peasants was halted by Russian soldiers through violence.
Vladimir Lenin
A bolshevik leader and founder who was exiled to Switzerland for opposing the Tsar’s rule
Bolsheviks
A faction of Russians who believed in centralized hierarchy and sought to overthrow the Tsar.
Abdicate
To resign from high authority.
October Manifesto
The pledge made by the Tsar to promise rights, freedom of speech, liberty, and freedom associations.
Duma
A council for Russian representatives

14. Works Cited Sources for Images Images.google.com
Sources for Information
Sources for Images
Images.google.com

15. Michael Reymond, Nico Narduzzi, Stephanie Cheng, & Stephanie Tian
Russian Revolution
Michael Reymond, Nico Narduzzi, Stephanie Cheng, & Stephanie Tian

16. Michael
Who was Alexander Kerensky and what problems did his Provisional Government face?
The army was loyal to his enemies, the Bolsheviks.
The common people and the soldiers were against him.
Alexander Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the Provisional government when Lenin staged his coup during the November of The biggest problem facing the survival of his government was that the army was loyal to his enemies, the Bolsheviks leaded by Lenin and because of that, there was no real power to do anything in his government. The people still got angry at him for his second problems though, which was the continuation of the ‘great war’ that claimed so many lives and hurt the national pride. As a result everybody who had the power to do stuff (the common people and the soldiers) were against him and so when the time came for Lenin’s coup, there was nobody that could help him and his government.
The continuation of the ‘great war’ that claimed so many lives and hurt the national pride of Russia.
Prime Minister of the Provisional government

17. What were the causes of the Oct/Nov Revolution?
Nico
What were the causes of the Oct/Nov Revolution?
What were the causes for the Oct/Nov revolution?
The tsar was the royal family of Russia, the king of the tsar was Nicolas II and was uneducated and unfit to rule Russia in the Bolshevik's eyes
The tsar(the royal family) and their incompetence to rule Russia
Pulled tons of people from the streets and factories to send to the war
People revolted because of this
The Bolsheviks didn’t believe the tsar were good rulers and would not help with the development of Russia

18. Who was Vladimir Lenin and how did he come to power?
“The Provisional Government must be overthrown.”
November 8th
In February 1917, more than 200,00 workers came out on strike in St. Petersburg. When the Tsar ordered his troops to use force against the strikers, they refused. After 300 years of rule, the authority of the Tsars had finally broken down. A provisional government now ruled a Russia in which the workers were at least represented.
Lenin believed that any action needed to put his ideas into practice was acceptable. He now said that the Provisional Government must be overthrown.
It seemed to Lenin that in no time the Provisional Government would collapsed and he would take power.
On November 8, Lenin was elected as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars by the Russian Soviet Congress.
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin the leader of the Russian Revolution and first leader of the USSR (Russia)
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was the leader of the Russian Revolution and first leader of the USSR.
Who was Vladimir Lenin and how did he come to power?
Steph 18

19. What immediate actions did Lenin take following the Oct/Nov Revolution?
Stephy
The Bolsheviks led Russia and insurrection was accepted by the congress.
Said from the 2nd question, the Oct/Nov revolution caused the authority of Tsars to break down and turn into a provisional government. Lenin then led the Bolsheviks to take Russia out of war. Soon the provisional government of Tsars had surrendered and the Bolsheviks took over.
Lenin announced the creation soviet government of shared land and peace.
“We’ll now proceed to construct the socialist order.”
The Bolsheviks led Russia and insurrection was accepted by the congress.
“We’ll now proceed to construct the socialist order.”

20. Glossary
(Insert your vocabulary words and definitions - in your own words)
Vladimir Lenin
Alexander Kerensky
Provisional
Petrograd
Red Guards
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Vladimir Lenin-
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin the leader of the Russian Revolution and first leader of the USSR (Russia)
Alexander Kerensky- He served as the second Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional Government until Lenin was elected by the All- Russian Congress of Soviets following the October revolution.
Provisional- Temporary, a provisional government.
Petrograd- The former name of St. Petersburg.
Red Guards-
The Red Guards were a group of students and young people in China who would follow Mao’s orders or ideology during the Cultural Revolution.
Treaty of Brest- Litovsk-
A peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918 between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking Russia’s exit from World War I.

21. Works Cited Sources for Information
Stalin and the Soviet Union Booklet
Leaders of the Russian Revolution Booklet
Russia in War and Revolution Booklet
Sources for Images
Google Images

22. Russian Revolution (1918-1924)
Kailin Jones, Shao Chen, JeeHye Kim 8-4

23. Shao
What opposition did Lenin face during the Civil War? How did he win the war?
Leon Trotsky
Whites(Tsar)
The opposition Lenin faced was “whites”. They were called whites because white is Tsar’s traditional color. In fact, not all whites were supporters of Tsar. Many of them were Socialist Revolutionaries.
Lenin won the war because of Leon Trotsky. Leon Trotsky is a good military leader. He helps to ruled red armies to help to win the war.

24. Who was JOSEPH STALIN and how did he differ from LEON TROTSKY?
Kailin Jones
Joseph Stalin was the secretary-general of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–53) and premier of the Soviet state (1941–53), who for a quarter of a century dictatorially ruled the Soviet Union and transformed it into a major world power.
Stalin joined the Bolsheviks, whereas Trotsky supported Julius Martov.
Stalin’s ultimate goal was to achieve total and complete control.
Leon Trotsky was a Communist theorist and agitator, a leader in Russia’s October Revolution in 1917 and later commissar of foreign affairs and of war in the Soviet Union (1917–24). In the struggle for power following Vladimir Ilich Lenin’s death, however, Joseph Stalin emerged as victor, while Trotsky was removed from all positions of power and later exiled (1929). He remained the leader of an anti-Stalinist opposition abroad until his assassination by a Stalinist agent.
Stalin Joined the Bol

25. How did Lenin try to fix Russia’s problems following the civil war?
Jee Hye Kim
How did Lenin try to fix Russia’s problems following the civil war?
Food
Tax
To help fix some of Russia’s major issues, Lenin had to abandon the War communism and later create a new economic policy (NEP). This policy allowed peasants to sell their food for profit, pay less tax if they were able to have a higher food production, have factories returned to its owner if there were less than twenty workers attending it, and also for people to use money. Through these new rules/policies, people were able to live almost like they had in the past, and the food production increased into its original level as it had been before the war. In other words, the ways that Lenin tried to fix Russia’s problems somewhat of a success.
Factories
Money

26. Glossary
The Red Terror- a set of orders established by Leon Trotsky to carry out his own from of terror, different to the Cheka.
The Cheka- was a group of people lead by Felix Dzerzhinsky who tortured prisoners until they confessed, then taking them to be executed.
Reds and Whites- Red means the army that is loyal to Lenin and white means the army serve for Tsar
USSR- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. It was named by Lenin because he wants to change Russia.
War Communism: It was a type of system both economic and political, which existed in Soviet Russia when the Russian civil war was taking place in 1918 ~ 1921.
New Economic Policy: This economic policy was created by Lenin to help stop the economy of Russia from ruining, and to make the economy richer again as it once had been.

27. Works Cited Sources for Information
Russia In War And Revolution
Leon Trotsky - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 14 Apr <
Sources for Images
Google image

28. Russian Revolution (1924-1941) Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin
(Christy Ye, Da Hye Jeong, Lin Kim, Tina Huang)

29. What impact did Stalin have on agriculture and farmers?
Couldn’t have their own land
Didn’t worked hard
Famine
All the farmers couldn’t have their own land and it was all the property of the state.
The government chose the lands for a group of workers. Even though the workers works more or less, they got equal amount of crops, so most the workers didn’t worked very hard.
All the crops that they grew were given to the government therefore they had no crops of their own which caused the famine.

30. What impact did Stalin have on the industry and workers?
“For the Greater Good”
condition of the industrial workers
A heavy chemical industry
The industrial workers were working in poor conditions with almost no pay and many were forced to do labor. Though workers suffered, it was considered for the greater good because the economy after the five year plan did indeed became very modern.

31. How did Stalin deal with opposition to his leadership?
The Labour Camp
Killing
Stalin killed or sent people to the labour camp who were going against his rule or the people who he thinks were ‘dangerous.’ He did not tolerate second chances and killed freely even though that people were his followers. We cannot say that he was a bad leader because on the other hand, he did many great works.

32. How did Stalin promote himself and maintain popularity?
Media
Education protection
Family protection
Censorship
Stalin created posters, adverts, poems, and hired authors to write about his ‘greatness’ . He executed laws for stricter education and family bonding moments. Due to this, 94% of all Russian villagers could read and write. All types of religion was banned, expect for Stalism ( the praise of Stalin himself). Many of the people saw Stalin as the person in posters , poems, songs , and advertisements.

33. Glossary labour camp Media Killing ‘ For the greater good’ Censorship
heavy chemical industry
5 Year plan
Farmer’s hardship

34. Works Cited Sources for Information
Brooman, Josh. Stalin and the Soviet Union. Longman.
Sources for Images
"20th Centurt History." Welcome to About.com. 14 Apr <

35. Russian Revolution (1939 - 1953)
Ian Tai, Isabella Bambagioni, Jerilyn Wu, Sam Fritz,

36. Describe Russia’s Relationships with other countries prior to WWII
By: Ian Tai
Tried to get other countries join Soviet Union
Afraid of Hitler attacking Soviet Union
Tried to make treaties with other countries such as France and England
Many countries dislike Russia after WWI because they withdrew from WWI and had a Civil War. Russia did not try to get involved until Hitler and the Nazi party came to power. Before Hitler came to power, they were trying to get small neighboring countries to join the soviet union. Stalin felt that Hitler was a threat and was scared of Hitler invading the Soviet Union after they attacked Poland. Therefore, the Soviet Union tried to get countries to care about them. Two of the main countries they tried to create relations with were France and England. These two countries did not trust Russia. Russia was excluded from many conferences and organizations such as the League of Nations. In the end they had no other choice but to form a pact with Hitler. They agreed to spilt certain countries they conquered.

37. What impact did WWII have on Russia and Stalin’s power?
Isabella Bambagioni
More countries joined the Soviet Union
Division of countries between Germany
Division of countries between allied forces.
Helped defeat Hitler
Wwii’s impact on russia:
-Russia’s economy went down, devastated west part of USSR.
-Lost a lot of people because they were blocking all of Germany from the East.
-They were able to get more countries to join the Soviet Union after they conquered them, such as; Finland, Poland, Lithuania, Romania,
Estonia.
-Initially, Germany and Russia had divided Poland and Finland in two, but after Russia won WWII, they got Germany’s half of the countries.
-Split Eastern Europe with allied forces.
WWII’s impact on Stalin’s power:
-Helped turn Russia into a great industrial nation, to defeat Hitler in WWII.
-After WWII, Stalin ruled the USSR as a dictator even more than he had done before.
-Stalin executed those who made mistakes, and he never listened to any suggestions or such. Therefore, even if he helped Russia, he killed many people.
-People were inspired by him because he was a genius and an image of confidence and leadership for the country, therefore they still followed by him after WWII.

38. What actions did Stalin take following WWII to rebuild and extend Russia’s power? By: Sam Fritz
He introduced the fourth Five-Year Plan
He also created an “iron curtain” cutting the USSR off from the rest of the world.
The Five-Year Plan put emphasis on building up heavy industry, but very little emphasis on consumer goods. Places occupied by the Red Army had their workers and materials taken to help achieve this goal. The plan worked and the USSR was doing just as well as in the 1940 if not better. New restrictions were also placed on citizens to make sure everyone had a role in reconstruction. This, along with barbed wire and land mines, formed the Iron Curtain, cutting Russia off from the rest of the world.

39. Glossary Comintern Nazi-Soviet Pact Neutrality Pact
Jerilyn Wu
Comintern
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Neutrality Pact
Battle of Stalingrad
Reconstruction
Iron Curtain
Buffer Zone
Comintern – was an organization that promoted communism all over the world. This organization helped communists abroad strike and rebel against the government.
Nazi-Soviet Pact – Is a treaty that Russia and Germany formed so that Germany would not attack Russia. This way, Russia could expand and become more powerful.
Neutrality Pact – was a treaty that Japan and the Soviet Union formed.
Battle of Stalingrad - The Battle of Stalingrad was a battle between Germany, its allies and the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad in Southern Russia.
Reconstruction – During this time period, lots of Reconstruction was going on in Russia. As Sam said, Russia was building up the Iron wall as well as it’s industry.
Iron Curtain – was an ideological and physical boundary that separated the Western and Eastern sides of Europe. This boundary lasted from World War II to the Cold War and during this time period, both sides of Europe developed their military forces.
Buffer Zone - A buffer zone is an area that separates two or more places for whatever reason. In Russia during 1939 – 1957, the iron wall was put up, which meant that on either side there was a buffer zone.

40. Works Cited Sources for Information Sources for Images
"Comintern." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 13 Apr Wikipedia. 14 Apr < rn>.
"Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact -." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 5 Mar Wikipedia. 14 Apr < %E2%80%93Japanese_Neutrality_Pa ct>.
Brooman, Josh. Stalin and the Soviet Union the USSR Longman 20th Century History Series. Longman Century, 2003.
Sources for Images
"Map of Ex-U.S.S.R. and Iron Curtain Countries." Free Educational Software - Maps, Learn to Read and More. 14 Apr < atlas/continent/cold-war-map.htm>.
/b4/Poster15.jpg

41. (Question/Topic #4)

42. Glossary
(Insert your vocabulary words and definitions - in your own words)

43. Works Cited
Sources for Information
Sources for Images