1. Introduction to ART

2. Introduction to ART Aim: To introduce the ART tool approach Objective:
Provide an understanding of the 4 sections of the tool
30 mins

3. Introduction to ART

4. Assessment Process Task description Flow chart Score sheet
Assessment guide

5. Task Description Form Ironing sheets Mr X Company Y <1 kg  None
18 Sept ‘09
Company Y
Ironing sheets
The worker has to pick sheets from a bin, locate the corners and feed them on to attachments for the machine to iron automatically.
<1 kg 
None
n/a
~14
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

6. Task Description Form 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 2 6.5 Daily Daily
Placing folded sheets on conveyor
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

7. Flowchart – Four Stages

8. A – Frequency / Repetition

9. B – Force Grid

10. B – Force

11. C – Awkward Posture

12. 2. For how long is this angle obvious?
C – Awkward Posture
Two stage approach:
1. Is the head and neck in an awkward position? No
2. For how long is this angle obvious?
Yes
“The neck is considered to be bent or twisted if an obvious angle between the neck and back can be observed as a result of performing the task”.
A part of the time
More than half the time

13. D – Additional Factors

14. D – Additional Factors

15. D – Additional Factors

16. D – Additional Factors

17. Score Sheet 6 4 1 2 4 17 Monotonous work1 2 4
Domains of specialization exist within the discipline, which represent deeper competencies in specific human attributes or characteristics of human interaction.
Ergonomists often specialise in particular economic sectors or applications. Application domains are not mutually exclusive and they evolve constantly; new ones are created and old ones take on new perspectives 17
Monotonous work
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

18. D4 – Duration
0.75 17 13

19. Score Sheet 6 4 1 2 17 0.75 13 Monotonous work2 6 4 1
0.75 13
Domains of specialization exist within the discipline, which represent deeper competencies in specific human attributes or characteristics of human interaction.
Ergonomists often specialise in particular economic sectors or applications. Application domains are not mutually exclusive and they evolve constantly; new ones are created and old ones take on new perspectives
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

20. Exposure Levels 17
Monotonous work 2 6 4 1
0.75 13

21. Top Tips It is possible to select intermediate scores
Frequent to very frequent?
A/4 or R/5 acceptable
Bent forward for a small part of the time (e.g. 10%)
A/0.5 acceptable

22. Moderate to strong force?
Top Tips
Moderate to strong force?
R / 6

23. Assessment Process Task description Flow chart Score sheet
Assessment guide

24. Practical Demonstration

25. Gingerbread Packing Task details
The worker slides packages of gingerbread into cardboard sleeves.
The worker reports the force is light.
There is a shift duration of 8 hours. The worker rotates between this task and a different non-repetitive task every after 60 minutes. In total, they pack gingerbread for just less than half of their total shift time.
Sometimes the worker has difficulties keeping up with the pace of the work.
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

26. Gingerbread Packing Task description form
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

27. Gingerbread Packing Task description form Gingerbread packing
The worker opens a cardboard sleeve with her left hand, slides the package into the sleeve, and then places the package across the table with her right hand
Less than 1 kg 
None 2
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

28. Gingerbread Packing Task description form 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1
3.75
Daily
Daily
Formal task rotation to alternative tasks (non-repetitive work)
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

29. Gingerbread Packing
Flowchart

30. Gingerbread Packing
Stage A – Frequency / repetition

31. Gingerbread Packing
Stage B - Force

32. Gingerbread Packing
Stage C – Awkward postures

33. Gingerbread Packing
Stage C – Awkward postures

34. Gingerbread Packing
Stage D – Additional factors

35. Gingerbread Packing Score sheet6 6 6 6 2 2 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 25 20
Monotonous work, high levels of attention
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

36. Gingerbread Packing
Stage D4 – Duration
0.75 25 19

37. Gingerbread Packing Score sheet6 6 6 6 2 2 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 25 20
0.75
0.75 19 15
Monotonous work, high levels of attention
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

38. Your turn

39. Risk Assessment Practice
ART Tool
Risk Assessment Practice
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

40. Risk Assessment Aim: To use the ART tool successfully Objective:
Delegates to practice using the ART tool to risk assess two or three repetitive tasks and demonstrate their understanding when sharing and discussing scores and risk reduction options
60 mins

41. Case Studies Repetitive tasks Case Studies Grape Packing
Radiator Lacing
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

42. Grape Packing Task details
The worker has to pick up containers of grapes and empty them into plastic bags on a conveyor.
The worker describes the hand force as ‘light’. The containers weigh 130g.
9 hour shift (08:00 – 17:00)
There is one 30 minute meal break (11:45–12:15), one 15 minute morning break (9:15 – 9:30) and one 15 minute afternoon break (14:15–14:30).
The worker sometimes finds it difficult to keep up with the pace of work.
The worker does the task for all 8 hours and there is no formal task rotation system
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

43. Grape Packing Task description form
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

44. Grape Packing Sorting grapes into bags Task description form 130 g 
The worker has to pick up containers of grapes and place them into plastic bags
130 g 
None
N/A 3
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

45. Grape Packing Task description form 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 2.5 8
Daily
Daily
No task rotation
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

46. Grape Packing
Flowchart

47. Grape Packing
Stage A – Frequency / repetition

48. Grape Packing
Stage B - Force

49. Grape Packing
Stage C – Awkward postures

50. Grape Packing
Stage C – Awkward postures

51. Grape Packing
Stage D – Additional factors

52. Grape Packing Score sheet 6 6 2 1 4 1 2 4 1 272 1 4 1 2 4
Ergonomists often specialise in particular economic sectors or applications. Application domains are not mutually exclusive and they evolve constantly; new ones are created and old ones take on new perspectives 1 27
Monotonous work, task pace influenced by workers up the line
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

53. Grape Packing
Stage D4 – Duration 1 27 27

54. Grape Packing Score sheet 6 6 2 1 4 1 2 4 1 27 1 272 1 4 1 2 4
Ergonomists often specialise in particular economic sectors or applications. Application domains are not mutually exclusive and they evolve constantly; new ones are created and old ones take on new perspectives 1 27 1 27
Monotonous work, task pace influenced by workers up the line
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

55. Radiator Manufacturing
Task details
To manufacture radiators, the worker slides tubes on to a ‘wand’ and inserts them through rows of holed fins (sheets) of heat transfer material.
The worker describes the hand force as ‘strong’ during the final push of the wand. The average force required to insert a tube was measured between 6 – 11 kg, depending on a number of factors (e.g; the position where the tube is inserted, the diameter of the tubes, the angle of the wand when inserted).
8.5 hour shift (07:30 – 16:00).
Each radiator takes about 75 minutes to complete, after which there is a 15 minute break while a new lace is positioned. Other official breaks are a 30 minute meal break (11:45 – 12:15) and a 15 minute morning break (10:15 – 10:30).
Each worker produces about 6 radiators a day. The number of tubes inserted into a radiator varies according to the size of the radiator.
Workers select work pace and report it is not difficult to keep up with the work.
The task is carried out by the workers everyday. There is no formal system of job rotation.
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

56. Radiator Manufacturing
Task description form
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

57. Radiator Manufacturing
Task description form
Lacing radiators fins with tubes
The worker has to place the tube on the wand and then insert this between the fins of the radiator by hand
300 g 
A wand – long metal strip with a handle 6
~ 4
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

58. Radiator Manufacturing
Task description form 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 ¼ ~7
Daily
Daily
No task rotation
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

59. Radiator Manufacturing
Flowchart

60. Radiator Manufacturing
Stage A – Frequency / repetition 5

61. Radiator Manufacturing
Stage B - Force 9

62. Radiator Manufacturing
Stage C – Awkward postures

63. Radiator Manufacturing
Stage C – Awkward postures 3

64. Radiator Manufacturing
Stage D – Additional factors

65. Radiator Manufacturing
Score sheet 5 6 9 3 1 2
Domains of specialization exist within the discipline, which represent deeper competencies in specific human attributes or characteristics of human interaction.
Ergonomists often specialise in particular economic sectors or applications. Application domains are not mutually exclusive and they evolve constantly; new ones are created and old ones take on new perspectives 2 28
Monotonous work, high levels of attention
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

66. Radiator Manufacturing
Stage D4 – Duration 1 28 28

67. Radiator Manufacturing
Score sheet: solutions? 5 6 9 3 1 2
Domains of specialization exist within the discipline, which represent deeper competencies in specific human attributes or characteristics of human interaction.
Ergonomists often specialise in particular economic sectors or applications. Application domains are not mutually exclusive and they evolve constantly; new ones are created and old ones take on new perspectives 2 28 1 28
Monotonous work, high levels of attention
© Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory