1. PERU POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
Maria Lopez

2. REPUBLIC OF PERU President: Alberto Fujimori (1990)
Prime Minister: Alberto Bustamante Belaunde
Area: 1, sq. km
Population (1999):
Capital and longest city: Lima
Monetary Unit: Nuevo Sol (1991)

3. INTRODUCTION Impoverished country European conquest traumatic event
constant insecurity
Different policies and regimes applied

4. POLITICAL and ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
1970S, highlanders moved to Lima
1980, accelerated process ( Shining Path)
1992 one-third part of the population of the state lived in Lima

5. 1990.- Rebound to Peruvian politics and society, result of:
Historic shift in its demographics and Limas racial composition
Dissafectation of Peruvians with their political institutions
Gradual desintegration of the state
Increasing class division
Antipathy within Peru’s multiethnic society

6. FUJIMORI Fujimori won the election in 1990 by 20 percent.
Electoral results reflects a total disatisfaction and lack of faith
Support by black and Indian Peruvians.

7. ECONOMY
Corruption, economic chaos, guerrilla warfare and drug trafficking.
GNP shrank and inflation rate 7,6%
Free market -system and appeal to international lenders
Deregulated and decentrilized the economy
Inflation rate began to slow

8. TERRORISM Shinning Path most serious problem
Rural residents caught between two armies:
Major motivation for Fujimori’s military-backed selfcoup on April 5, 1992.
Dissolved the congress and suspended the national constitution
Armed peasants

9. SELF-COUP Step forward
Congress and Courts seen as corrupt and detached from the people
crisis of representation
Reformed version of Peru’s short-lived democracy
Reformed & modernized the whole political system
Decentralization and desconcentration of power
New Constitution, May 1993

10. Refused offer of $36 million for drug interdiction
Economic greatly improved
Capture leader of the Shining Path
Fujimori re-elected in April 1995
Dec 1996, Tapuc Amaru

11. ACTUAL SITUATION Critics to Fujimori’s administration
1997, disastrous effects of El Niño
Fujimori´s popularity flagged
Economy bigger doubt
Weakness of his opponents

12. PROSPECTS FOR DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE
1. Social democratizacion
2. Economic modernization
3. Legitimacion of the state

13. 1. Social democratization
Citizens equals with the same opportunities
Competition in the Marketplace
Access to political power unclear:
Political parties not respond citizens’ problems & social demands
Large number of independent political leaders

14. 2. Economic modernization
Process slow and uneven.
New pattern of accumulation
Transparent, decentralized and participatory political regime

15. Legitimation of the State
Fundamental prerequisite
Population need to identify with the state
Mechanics to control exercise of power and public authority
Efficacy in confronting the economic crisis and social desintegration
Judicial and legislative handicaps must be corrected

16. CONCLUSION Solution: Obstacles: democratization modernization
legitimation
Obstacles:
divided society
terrorism
economic policies
lack of confidence & no national identification