1. GLOBALISATION Challenges and changes
A phenomenon, a process a state or a concept.
It has evolved partly due to the trend of increasing international trade across boundaries and the conduct of business activities in more than one country

2. Globalisation of industries and markets (Macro environment)
Economic forces
Increasing incomes
Global trade
World financial markets
Market forces
Global competition
Deindustrialisation in North America and Western Europe
Technological forces
transport revolution
information and
communications revolution
Political forces
reduced trade barriers
intellectural property rights
privatisation
development of trade blocs
technical standards
regional trading blocs – EU, NAFTA, ASEAN
Social forces
consumerism
convergence in customer tastes
education and skills

3. Globalisation Drivers
Potential for globalisation
cost
market
government
competitive

4. Advantages of globalisation for businesses, customers and countries
To business
To customers
To countries
Access to mass markets increased sales
Lower prices
Improved standards of living I both developed and developing countries
Economies of scale and reduced costs
Wider choice
Increased democracy – fall of communism
Access to resources
Access to finance and tax savings
Improved quality

6. Disadvantages of globalisation for businesses, customers and countries
To businesses
To customers
To countries
Increased competition
standardisation
exploitation
More demanding consumers
Loss of national culture and identity
Increasing volatility
Uneven benefits
environmental factors