1. 1. Methodology of new knowledge creation
14th European Conference on Knowledge Management
Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania
September 5-6, 2013
New Knowledge Creation by Collaborating Goal-Oriented Experts: Methodology and Models
Igor Zatsman
Pavel Buntman )
1. Methodology of new knowledge creation
2. Categorization of Human-Computer Interaction
3. Indicator development and new knowledge creation
4. Models for interactive knowledge creation
5. Case of developing new indicators
Slide 1

2. 1.1 New knowledge sources and signifying process
Model of
knowledge creation with new knowledge sources and signifying process
Spiral model of
knowledge creation
(Nonaka 1991; Nonaka and Takeuchi 1995)
Digital denotatum
Slide 2

3. 1.2 Multiple nature of the signifying process
Knowledge part
Knowledge part
Knowledge medium
Knowledge part
Social information medium
Signifying
Digital denotatum
Digital medium
Computer codes
Computer program
Computer data
Slide 3

4. 1.3 Three media and sign category of HCI
Individual indicator meaning
Individual indicator meaning
Individual indicator meaning
Knowledge medium
Sign category of HCI
“Indicator meanings -
Indicator names”
Meaning
SIGN
Name
Indicator names
Social information medium
Indicator description (name, etc)
Computer programs
Source data
...
Digital medium
Computer codes of indicator names
Computer programs
Source data
...
Slide 4
Indicator denotata

5. Formcode category of HCI
Knowledge medium
Indicator meanings
Meaning
SIGN
Name
… integrates
meaning
and name
Sign category of HCI
“Indicator meanings -
Indicator names”
Social information medium
Indicator names
Name
FORMCODE
Computer
codes
Formcode category of HCI
“Indicator names -
Computer codes of names”
… integrates
name
and computer code
Digital medium
Computer codes of indicator names
Slide 5

6. 1.5 Semcode category of HCI
Individual indicator meaning
Individual indicator meaning
Knowledge medium
Sign category of HCI
“Indicator meanings -
Indicator names”
Semcode category of
HCI “Indicator meanings -
Computer codes of meanings”
Social information medium
Meaning
Semcode
Computer
code
Signifying
Formcode category of HCI “Indicator names -
Computer codes of names”
Digital indicator denotatum
… integrates meaning and
its computer code, generated by expert computer system
Digital medium
Slide 6

7. 1.6 Methodology of new knowledge creation
Our methodology defines:
Mental, social information, digital media and their one-nature entities: meanings, names, and digital denotata;
Correspondence between medium borders and their two-nature entities: signs, formcodes, and semcodes;
Categorization of Human-Computer Interaction (sign, formcode, and semcode categories);
The signifying process connecting new knowledge parts with their sources;
Three interfaces of the signifying process.
Slide 7

8. Digital semiotic triangle
2.1 Stable indicator case with digital denotatum
I –
Frege’s triangle
1. Data for indicator
evaluation
2. Invariable
computer program
Digital
medium for digital denotata
Indicator
denotatum I
Knowledge
medium
Indicator meaning
Sign
Social
information medium
Indicator name
Sem-code
II –
Digital semiotic triangle
Form- code
Denotatum code
Digital
medium for codes II
Meaning code
Name code
Stable indicator is evaluated by a computer, which runs an computer program and processes source data for indicator calculation without new knowledge creation.
Slide 8

9. 2.2 New indicator that is being developed: one iteration
Data and program
1. Data for indicator
evaluation
2. Variable
computer program
at a point in time
Indicator
denotatum
Digital
medium for denotata
Descriptor
Knowledge
medium
Indicator meaning
Expert’s sign
Social
information medium
Sem-code
Indicator name
Form- code
Denotatum code
Digital
medium for codes
Meaning code
Name code
New indicators are created by experts, which interpret source data with variable computer programs (as digital denotata) during each iteration of the development process
Slide 9

10. 2.3 Two iterations & states of new indicator development
Knowledge
medium
Indicator meaning (t1)
Indicator meaning (t2)
Semcode category of
HCI “Indicator meanings -
Computer codes of meanings”
Sem-code
Indicator name (t1)
Indicator name (t2)
Sem-code
Social information medium
Digital
medium for denotata and codes
Indicator denotatum (t1)
Indicator denotatum (t2)
Proactive dictionary
Denotatum code(t1)
Denotatum code(t2)
Descriptor(t2) t1 t2
Descriptor(t1)
Meaning code(t1)
Name code(t1)
Meaning code(t2)
Name code(t2)
at point in time t1
at point in time t2
Slide 10

11. 3.1 Frozen-state semiotic model
By definition, for any state of a new indicator at a discrete point in time, the frozen-state semiotic model consists of:
A new indicator meaning in the knowledge medium,
A new indicator name in the social information medium,
A new indicator denotatum in the digital media,
A Frege’s triangle for a state of the new indicator that is being developed,
A digital semiotic triangle for this state.
In our testbed computer system,
an expert makes their own description
for each state of a new indicator
as a proactive dictionary descriptor.
Slide 11

12. 3.2 Time-dependent semiotic model
By definition, the time-dependent semiotic model is defined at given points in time (ti, i = 1, 2, ...) and consists of:
New indicator meanings at given points in time in the knowledge medium,
New indicator names in the social information medium,
New indicator denotata in the digital media,
Frege’s triangles for all states of new indicator at ti ,
Digital semiotic triangles for all states at ti, i = 1, 2, ... .
The time-dependent model is a traceability model
due to showing the development process
of each new indicator
at given points in time.
Slide 12

13. 4. Case of developing new indicator14 12 10 8 6 4 2 16 20 18
Slide 13

14. Concluding remarks
First, we have developed methodology of new knowledge creation, which is based on the signifying process.
Second, we have obtained the categorization of Human Computer Interaction, including formcode and semcode categories.
Third, we have introduced and applied two semiotic models for describing development stages of new indicator and generation processes of expert knowledge about it.
Finally, we have developed the proactive dictionary, created on the base of these models for representing successive states of meanings emerging during new indicator development.
Many thanks .
Slide 14

15. A1 Two semiotic triangles: material denotatum case
Material medium
Material denotatum
Knowledge
medium
Meaning I
Sign
Social
information medium
Sem-code
Name
Form- code
Denotatum code
Digital
medium
Meaning
code II
Name code
Conventional semiotic triangle (I) that is so called Frege’s triangle comprises a meaning, a name, and a denotatum.
Digital semiotic triangle (II) comprises three computer codes
for a meaning, a name, and a denotatum.
Slide 15

16. A2 Stages of goal-oriented knowledge generation
Knowledge medium
meaning 1(t1)
meaning 1(t2)
Knowledge system state (t1)
Knowledge system state (t2)
meaning 2(t2)
meaning 2(t1)
meaning 3(t2)
Stage 1
Stage 2
Social information medium
Slide 16
Projective dictionary
(t1)
Projective dictionary
(t2)
Stage 1
Stage 2
Denotatum1(t2)
Denotatum1(t1)
Meaning 1
code (t1)
Meaning 1
code (t2)
Denotatum2(t2)
Denotatum2(t1)
Meaning 2
code (t1)
Meaning 2
code (t2)
Meaning 3
code (t2)
Denotatum3(t2)
Digital medium
Denotatum1 code(t1)
Denotatum2 code(t1)
Denotatum1 code(t2)
Denotatum2 code(t2)
Denotatum3 code(t2)

17. A3 Frege’s space for representation of successive states of new indicator development
Meaning codes
Name codes t2
Meaning code (t2) t1
Meaning code (t1)
Name code (t2)
Name code (t1)
Denotatum codes
Denotatum code (t1)
Denotatum code (t2)
Slide 17

18. A4 When is development process of new indicator terminated ?
In the course of the experiment, a coordination level function has determined.
This function needs to explicit and to control the process of harmonization of different expert opinions about new indicator.
During the development process, the expert computer system compares two coordination levels: current and desirable .
4. On each stage, the current coordination level is equal the number of experts, which have harmonized a meaning, a name and a denotatum of the new indicator, which is being developed.
Slide 18

19. A5 RAS evaluation system prototype
Slide 19